1
00:00:00,870 --> 00:00:02,828
[whooshing]

2
00:00:27,984 --> 00:00:30,030
[film reeling]

3
00:00:31,814 --> 00:00:36,862
♪

4
00:00:36,862 --> 00:00:46,698
♪

5
00:01:00,016 --> 00:01:01,800
And at five dollars
a barrel less--

6
00:01:01,844 --> 00:01:03,106
Water was ten feet--

7
00:01:03,150 --> 00:01:04,673
-First ball--
-But if we take away--

8
00:01:04,716 --> 00:01:06,153
Lead is--

9
00:01:06,196 --> 00:01:07,241
Down on the process--

10
00:01:07,284 --> 00:01:09,286
[indistinct chatter]

11
00:01:09,330 --> 00:01:11,723
[shouting]

12
00:01:11,767 --> 00:01:13,247
Grab a look a man who left--

13
00:01:13,290 --> 00:01:15,640
In a Caribbean jet liner--

14
00:01:15,684 --> 00:01:16,859
-A gay man was shot to death.
-Towels for a dollar--

15
00:01:16,902 --> 00:01:18,339
Our headquarters overseas.

16
00:01:18,382 --> 00:01:20,776
At seventy-two seconds
following liftoff,

17
00:01:20,819 --> 00:01:22,212
the tragic explosion.

18
00:01:22,256 --> 00:01:24,432
The Challenger
was engulfed in flames.

19
00:01:24,475 --> 00:01:38,228
♪

20
00:01:38,272 --> 00:01:40,883
In Iran, the war
is a holy crusade

21
00:01:40,926 --> 00:01:43,755
promoted on television
with Marshall Music and--

22
00:01:43,799 --> 00:01:46,410
People always ask why.

23
00:01:46,454 --> 00:01:48,456
Why did she do it?

24
00:01:48,499 --> 00:01:50,022
And to understand that,

25
00:01:50,066 --> 00:01:52,416
you really need to know
who my mother was

26
00:01:52,460 --> 00:01:54,679
and the life she lived.

27
00:01:54,723 --> 00:01:58,770
♪

28
00:01:58,814 --> 00:02:01,773
I know her life is strange

29
00:02:01,817 --> 00:02:05,386
and questionable by many,

30
00:02:05,429 --> 00:02:07,910
but I know she was
here for a purpose.

31
00:02:07,953 --> 00:02:10,391
♪

32
00:02:10,434 --> 00:02:14,351
A lot of craziness
produces a lot of brilliance.

33
00:02:14,395 --> 00:02:16,788
And I think there'’s something

34
00:02:16,832 --> 00:02:20,575
kind of brilliant about
what Marion Stokes did.

35
00:02:20,618 --> 00:02:24,361
Whatever motivated her,  this material needed to wind up

36
00:02:24,405 --> 00:02:27,147
in a situation where
it could be shared.

37
00:02:27,190 --> 00:02:30,541
We do expect it to tighten as
more and more adult supporters

38
00:02:30,585 --> 00:02:31,716
sort of come out of the closet.

39
00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:33,631
♪

40
00:02:33,675 --> 00:02:35,155
Taping these programs,
for my mother,

41
00:02:35,198 --> 00:02:37,200
was a form of activism.

42
00:02:37,244 --> 00:02:38,636
She wanted people to be able

43
00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:41,596
to seek the truth
and check facts.

44
00:02:41,639 --> 00:02:45,034
♪

45
00:02:45,077 --> 00:02:47,036
She thought that everybody
needed to have access

46
00:02:47,079 --> 00:02:49,517
to knowledge
to make good decisions

47
00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:51,519
to have the real truth.

48
00:02:51,562 --> 00:02:55,218
♪

49
00:02:55,262 --> 00:02:58,917
How useful is it in making life  better, making my life better,

50
00:02:58,961 --> 00:03:00,571
and making life
for other people better.

51
00:03:00,615 --> 00:03:03,139
Now, if it is useful,

52
00:03:03,183 --> 00:03:04,619
if it'’s a useful correlation,

53
00:03:04,662 --> 00:03:06,186
a way of looking at things,
if it--

54
00:03:06,229 --> 00:03:08,318
if it enhances my freedom

55
00:03:08,362 --> 00:03:11,495
because I can make choices

56
00:03:11,539 --> 00:03:13,932
rather than be buffeted
like a leaf in the wind,

57
00:03:13,976 --> 00:03:15,717
but I can make choices.

58
00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:18,720
If it enhances my freedom
then I don'’t have to see

59
00:03:18,763 --> 00:03:22,506
the physical cause
of why it works.

60
00:03:22,550 --> 00:03:24,508
♪

61
00:03:24,552 --> 00:03:27,642
I'’m sure she came to value what  was coming through the screens

62
00:03:27,685 --> 00:03:30,253
more than the kind of,
very problematic messy stuff

63
00:03:30,297 --> 00:03:33,604
that was happening,
you know, in her real life.

64
00:03:33,648 --> 00:03:47,357
♪

65
00:03:48,706 --> 00:03:51,143
[horn honking]

66
00:03:53,363 --> 00:03:57,367
I was Mrs. Stokes'’ chauffeur
in Philadelphia.

67
00:03:57,411 --> 00:03:59,978
She lived in the richest
part of the city.

68
00:04:00,022 --> 00:04:01,371
The square itself is surrounded

69
00:04:01,415 --> 00:04:05,288
by very expensive
apartment buildings.

70
00:04:05,332 --> 00:04:10,424
It was the number one address
to have in Philadelphia.

71
00:04:10,467 --> 00:04:12,382
My dad had
a construction company

72
00:04:12,426 --> 00:04:14,428
and we did a lot
of work in Barclay.

73
00:04:14,471 --> 00:04:16,691
And that'’s how
we ran into the Stokes

74
00:04:16,734 --> 00:04:20,608
and they had us do
their renovations.

75
00:04:20,651 --> 00:04:24,438
Very mysterious
and very private.

76
00:04:24,481 --> 00:04:26,875
Her husband, John,
would come out and talk to me

77
00:04:26,918 --> 00:04:30,052
and I would speak to Marion
through the door.

78
00:04:30,095 --> 00:04:33,360
She would open the door
maybe an inch and talk to me.

79
00:04:33,403 --> 00:04:36,363
I would say it was
three or four months

80
00:04:36,406 --> 00:04:39,366
before I actually met her.

81
00:04:39,409 --> 00:04:42,151
We were getting close
to finishing their place

82
00:04:42,194 --> 00:04:45,546
when they said they would like  me to start working for them,

83
00:04:45,589 --> 00:04:48,897
helping them do things.

84
00:04:48,940 --> 00:04:51,682
I was kind of shocked
because of, you know,

85
00:04:51,726 --> 00:04:53,336
I'’d never, I guess,

86
00:04:53,380 --> 00:04:56,687
been with someone
that had so much stuff.

87
00:04:56,731 --> 00:04:59,647
They had enormous amount
of furniture

88
00:04:59,690 --> 00:05:03,738
and archives,
magazines, books.

89
00:05:03,781 --> 00:05:06,349
She read about
11 newspapers a day

90
00:05:06,393 --> 00:05:09,178
and I don'’t think
she ever threw one out.

91
00:05:09,221 --> 00:05:10,919
When I first got there,

92
00:05:10,962 --> 00:05:12,486
Mrs. Stokes didn'’t
really talk to me.

93
00:05:12,529 --> 00:05:14,183
She introduced herself.

94
00:05:14,226 --> 00:05:16,577
She laid down what she wanted,

95
00:05:16,620 --> 00:05:18,056
what she expected of me,

96
00:05:18,100 --> 00:05:20,624
but it was no conversation.

97
00:05:20,668 --> 00:05:23,061
She would have the tapes
going on different TVs

98
00:05:23,105 --> 00:05:24,759
throughout the apartment.

99
00:05:24,802 --> 00:05:27,544
So every TV
she couldn'’t get to.

100
00:05:27,588 --> 00:05:29,807
So certain TVs,
I would change the tapes

101
00:05:29,851 --> 00:05:32,244
and Frank also had
TVs in the back

102
00:05:32,288 --> 00:05:34,334
that he was taping from, so.

103
00:05:34,377 --> 00:05:37,989
It was a project
for everybody to be doing.

104
00:05:38,033 --> 00:05:40,775
Now there were
some codes of conduct

105
00:05:40,818 --> 00:05:43,691
that were made
very clear to me early on.

106
00:05:43,734 --> 00:05:45,432
No talking.

107
00:05:45,475 --> 00:05:49,958
It was like"“Driving Miss Daisy"” in reverse.

108
00:05:50,001 --> 00:05:53,396
Everything was
absolutely ritualized.

109
00:05:53,440 --> 00:05:55,616
We had to make sure there
was no one in the vicinity

110
00:05:55,659 --> 00:05:57,618
when we went out
the front doors.

111
00:05:57,661 --> 00:05:59,097
I wasn'’t allowed
to touch the car

112
00:05:59,141 --> 00:06:00,490
as far as open any doors.

113
00:06:00,534 --> 00:06:02,405
That was Richard'’s job.

114
00:06:02,449 --> 00:06:03,885
You know, she would sweep,

115
00:06:03,928 --> 00:06:06,975
shiny black car,
like a film star.

116
00:06:07,018 --> 00:06:11,283
♪

117
00:07:31,929 --> 00:07:35,716
I do have a memory
of demonstrations,

118
00:07:35,759 --> 00:07:38,501
one which garnered quite
a kind of hostile response.

119
00:07:38,545 --> 00:07:39,981
There were, there were
some postcards sent--

120
00:07:40,024 --> 00:07:41,504
sent to my mother saying,
you know, well,

121
00:07:41,548 --> 00:07:45,160
if you don'’t like it here,
go, go to Cuba.

122
00:07:45,203 --> 00:07:46,901
She was the
Philadelphia Chairman

123
00:07:46,944 --> 00:07:49,294
for the Fair Play
for Cuba Committee,

124
00:07:49,338 --> 00:07:51,296
an organization started
by the Communist Party

125
00:07:51,340 --> 00:07:55,692
to raise awareness
about the Cuban Revolution.

126
00:07:55,736 --> 00:08:00,001
At her core she was motivated
by a belief in human freedom.

127
00:08:42,347 --> 00:08:43,784
They spent some time in Mexico

128
00:08:43,827 --> 00:08:45,699
trying to get in,
didn'’t get in.

129
00:08:45,742 --> 00:08:49,093
I found a journal entry from  my mother from around that time

130
00:08:49,137 --> 00:08:51,095
where she, she was fed up
with something and she said,

131
00:08:51,139 --> 00:08:55,230
"I'’m going back to the United
States and taking the baby."

132
00:08:55,273 --> 00:08:57,667
So I think there
was a lot of tension.

133
00:09:11,028 --> 00:09:13,770
My mother was fired
from her job as a librarian

134
00:09:13,814 --> 00:09:17,905
and I'’m pretty sure it had to  do with her being a Communist.

135
00:09:17,948 --> 00:09:21,256
You know, she was definitely
spied on by the FBI.

136
00:09:21,299 --> 00:09:22,823
And we know
that she had a file

137
00:09:22,866 --> 00:09:24,564
and, you know,
there are pictures of her

138
00:09:24,607 --> 00:09:26,609
and reports from networks
of informants

139
00:09:26,653 --> 00:09:28,742
and that kind of stuff.

140
00:09:28,785 --> 00:09:34,399
She was justified
in feeling being watched.

141
00:09:34,443 --> 00:09:36,140
For personality reasons,
I think my mother kind of

142
00:09:36,184 --> 00:09:38,447
overdid it,
and continued to overdo it

143
00:09:38,490 --> 00:09:40,884
until the day of her death.

144
00:10:14,918 --> 00:10:17,442
She was
enormously controlling.

145
00:10:17,486 --> 00:10:19,531
She made it very difficult
on my father

146
00:10:19,575 --> 00:10:22,622
when he would come to visit.

147
00:10:22,665 --> 00:10:25,189
So I saw him less and less.

148
00:10:25,233 --> 00:10:30,978
♪

149
00:10:40,727 --> 00:10:43,468
♪

150
00:10:43,512 --> 00:10:46,950
Captain'’s log
Stardate 5784.2.

151
00:10:46,994 --> 00:10:49,257
We are responding
to desperate distress calls

152
00:10:49,300 --> 00:10:51,215
-from an unknown planet.
-My mother was a huge fan of

153
00:10:51,259 --> 00:10:54,088
-the original Star Trek series.  -Unable to account for this

154
00:10:54,131 --> 00:10:56,220
since he reported no signs
of life on the planet.

155
00:10:56,264 --> 00:10:58,701
The themes that she really
liked were that Earth

156
00:10:58,745 --> 00:11:00,181
had actually sorted its
problems out, there was

157
00:11:00,224 --> 00:11:02,487
the United
Federation of Planets.

158
00:11:02,531 --> 00:11:04,141
That there was this
kind of multi-racial,

159
00:11:04,185 --> 00:11:07,754
multi-national crew  that worked very well together,

160
00:11:07,797 --> 00:11:10,626
that the mission of this
incredibly well-armed ship

161
00:11:10,670 --> 00:11:12,628
was exploration, not warfare.

162
00:11:12,672 --> 00:11:15,675
You know, it was basically
kind of televised socialism.

163
00:11:15,718 --> 00:11:18,199
And she loved
that whole thing.

164
00:11:18,242 --> 00:11:21,724
♪

165
00:11:21,768 --> 00:11:24,205
[whirring]

166
00:11:24,248 --> 00:11:28,296
The first Betamax recorder
I remember was in late '’75.

167
00:11:28,339 --> 00:11:30,951
And that was the first one,
it was used sparingly.

168
00:11:30,994 --> 00:11:34,041
She didn'’t start  recording the news immediately.

169
00:11:34,084 --> 00:11:35,738
She liked situation comedies.

170
00:11:35,782 --> 00:11:37,131
Where are you goin'’?

171
00:11:37,174 --> 00:11:39,481
Where am I goin'’,
where else can I go?

172
00:11:39,524 --> 00:11:42,745
I'’m goin' over here
and sit down.

173
00:11:42,789 --> 00:11:46,923
I do what I usually do,
look at TV.

174
00:11:46,967 --> 00:11:52,189
Well, why would you look
at TV when it ain'’t workin'?

175
00:11:52,233 --> 00:11:53,756
Science documentaries.

176
00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:55,802
-Snakes, lizards have--
-With existence, CIA-

177
00:11:55,845 --> 00:11:58,630
These kind of high-impact
current events.

178
00:11:58,674 --> 00:12:01,198
First it gathers
information, intelligence.

179
00:12:01,242 --> 00:12:03,418
There'’s a second kind of thing
that the CIA does

180
00:12:03,461 --> 00:12:06,029
and that'’s to take secret actionto change

181
00:12:06,073 --> 00:12:08,075
what goes on
in another country.

182
00:12:08,118 --> 00:12:09,598
This could involve giving money

183
00:12:09,641 --> 00:12:11,600
to help a candidate
win an election.

184
00:12:11,643 --> 00:12:14,168
It might involve aidingin the overthrow of a government

185
00:12:14,211 --> 00:12:16,039
which we think
is a threat to us.

186
00:12:16,083 --> 00:12:17,693
It could even mean arranging

187
00:12:17,737 --> 00:12:20,261
or trying to arrange
an assassination,

188
00:12:20,304 --> 00:12:22,045
as in the case of Fidel Castro.

189
00:12:22,089 --> 00:12:24,308
Your newspapers,
radio, television,

190
00:12:24,352 --> 00:12:26,658
motion pictures
are understated in tone.

191
00:12:26,702 --> 00:12:31,315
No dissent or oppositionis allowed in the public media.

192
00:12:31,359 --> 00:12:34,971
One of Lenin'’s principles was
that the method and the tenor

193
00:12:35,015 --> 00:12:36,451
through which you
take your daily news

194
00:12:36,494 --> 00:12:38,758
colors your view of the world.

195
00:12:38,801 --> 00:12:42,370
Material things
do influence our emotions

196
00:12:42,413 --> 00:12:45,634
and we do react
in an emotional way

197
00:12:45,677 --> 00:12:48,115
to various symbols,
colors, and so on.

198
00:12:48,158 --> 00:12:50,204
And some of these
things are chosen.

199
00:12:50,247 --> 00:12:51,640
They'’re decided by somebody--

200
00:12:51,683 --> 00:12:53,120
Now, it seems to me that--

201
00:12:53,163 --> 00:12:54,730
She became aware of the power

202
00:12:54,774 --> 00:12:57,254
of television to inform
or misinform people

203
00:12:57,298 --> 00:12:59,387
when she started working
on a television program

204
00:12:59,430 --> 00:13:01,128
in the late 1960s.

205
00:13:01,171 --> 00:13:03,739
It was called "Input".

206
00:13:03,783 --> 00:13:05,349
It was a current affairs
discussion program

207
00:13:05,393 --> 00:13:10,311
by the local CBS affiliate
in Philadelphia.

208
00:13:10,354 --> 00:13:13,575
They would assemble
experts on a topic.

209
00:13:13,618 --> 00:13:16,273
Eugenics,
Native American rights,

210
00:13:16,317 --> 00:13:19,581
race relations,
prisoners'’ rights,

211
00:13:19,624 --> 00:13:21,496
with perspectives
all around the situations

212
00:13:21,539 --> 00:13:23,411
and have it very
publically available

213
00:13:23,454 --> 00:13:26,196
so that people would be able
to form their own opinions.

214
00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:27,545
Completely erratic.

215
00:13:27,589 --> 00:13:31,549
♪ Walkin'’ down death row♪

216
00:13:31,593 --> 00:13:35,553
♪ I sang for three men
destined for the chair♪

217
00:13:35,597 --> 00:13:39,079
Marion, how do you view
the last nine programs

218
00:13:39,122 --> 00:13:40,384
as we'’ve sought to make this

219
00:13:40,428 --> 00:13:43,866
an open community
type of TV presentation?

220
00:13:43,910 --> 00:13:45,563
Well, I find some people, uh,

221
00:13:45,607 --> 00:13:48,915
certainly grappling with
and not quite understanding

222
00:13:48,958 --> 00:13:51,874
how it is that we managed
to get these people together

223
00:13:51,918 --> 00:13:54,921
in the first place to talk.

224
00:13:54,964 --> 00:13:59,099
And not understanding the
concept of an open community

225
00:13:59,142 --> 00:14:03,625
of trust which is
big enough and open enough

226
00:14:03,668 --> 00:14:07,020
to include
all the points of view

227
00:14:07,063 --> 00:14:10,153
expressed within
a context of respect.

228
00:14:10,197 --> 00:14:11,807
I'’ve been invited to openness

229
00:14:11,851 --> 00:14:14,462
by those who really
are saying by that,

230
00:14:14,505 --> 00:14:16,943
I want to open you
so that you'’ll be able

231
00:14:16,986 --> 00:14:18,596
to see that I'’m right
and you'’re wrong.

232
00:14:18,640 --> 00:14:21,948
And most people feel thattheir viewpoint is being heard,

233
00:14:21,991 --> 00:14:24,254
but they find themselves unable

234
00:14:24,298 --> 00:14:27,301
to accept the open expression
of the other viewpoint.

235
00:14:27,344 --> 00:14:31,000
The power of mass media
to affect public opinion

236
00:14:31,044 --> 00:14:33,176
was something that
she became very conscious of.

237
00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:36,658
And she was aware of how
the raw story gets filtered

238
00:14:36,701 --> 00:14:39,052
by the predilections of the
people who are producing it.

239
00:14:39,095 --> 00:14:42,882
I think there should definitelybe controls of other kinds,

240
00:14:42,925 --> 00:14:46,189
as well of material means of
manipulating mind and emotion.

241
00:14:46,233 --> 00:14:48,583
And I think there are
so many examples in daily life

242
00:14:48,626 --> 00:14:51,499
that people simply
don'’t recognize.

243
00:14:51,542 --> 00:14:53,675
♪

244
00:14:53,718 --> 00:14:57,592
From ABC in New York,
this is World News Tonight,

245
00:14:57,635 --> 00:15:01,901
Sunday,
with Sam Donaldson.

246
00:15:01,944 --> 00:15:04,077
Good evening.
The U.S. Embassy in Tehran

247
00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:06,775
has been invaded and occupied
by Iranian students.

248
00:15:06,818 --> 00:15:09,082
The Americans inside
have been taken prisoner

249
00:15:09,125 --> 00:15:10,910
and according
to a student spokesman,

250
00:15:10,953 --> 00:15:13,564
will be held as hostages
until the deposed shah

251
00:15:13,608 --> 00:15:15,262
is returned from
the United States

252
00:15:15,305 --> 00:15:17,568
where he'’s receiving
medical treatment for cancer.

253
00:15:17,612 --> 00:15:20,180
[shouting]

254
00:15:20,223 --> 00:15:22,095
While the Iranians
burned an American flag

255
00:15:22,138 --> 00:15:24,314
in front of the embassy,
they said the takeover

256
00:15:24,358 --> 00:15:28,449
had the express blessing
of the Ayatollah Khomeini.

257
00:15:28,492 --> 00:15:30,930
My mother was very suspicious
of the official stories

258
00:15:30,973 --> 00:15:33,976
about the Iranian
hostage crisis

259
00:15:34,020 --> 00:15:37,980
and she became obsessed
with the media coverage.

260
00:15:38,024 --> 00:15:40,243
She felt that important
information was being lost

261
00:15:40,287 --> 00:15:43,420
as the story evolved.

262
00:15:43,464 --> 00:15:45,205
So she kept taping.

263
00:15:45,248 --> 00:15:48,382
Some 60 Americans,
including our fellow citizen

264
00:15:48,425 --> 00:15:51,167
whom you just saw
bound and blindfolded,

265
00:15:51,211 --> 00:15:53,604
are now beginning
their sixth day of captivity

266
00:15:53,648 --> 00:15:55,737
inside the U.S.
Embassy in Tehran.

267
00:15:55,780 --> 00:15:58,392
Officials will continue
their search for some way

268
00:15:58,435 --> 00:16:01,438
to negotiate
the hostages'’ freedom.

269
00:16:01,482 --> 00:16:03,484
The story changed.

270
00:16:03,527 --> 00:16:06,835
A lot of the early reports
indicated that there were,

271
00:16:06,878 --> 00:16:10,491
for example, CIA personnel
among the hostages

272
00:16:10,534 --> 00:16:12,319
and then, suddenly,
there weren'’t.

273
00:16:18,194 --> 00:16:20,240
You know, obviously,
if you were running

274
00:16:20,283 --> 00:16:22,198
an intelligence agency it
would be perfectly reasonable

275
00:16:22,242 --> 00:16:23,678
for them to suppress
that information.

276
00:16:23,721 --> 00:16:25,332
But my mother was
very conscious of that.

277
00:16:25,375 --> 00:16:27,464
Series of attempts
to negotiate the release.

278
00:16:27,508 --> 00:16:29,553
She was saying,
"Well, we'’ve got to get this.

279
00:16:29,597 --> 00:16:31,729
Nobody else
is gonna keep this."

280
00:16:31,773 --> 00:16:33,731
This to restore
military balance

281
00:16:33,775 --> 00:16:35,603
with the Soviet Union and--

282
00:16:35,646 --> 00:16:38,040
Her goal was trying
to reveal a set of agendas

283
00:16:38,084 --> 00:16:39,868
on the part of governments.

284
00:16:39,911 --> 00:16:42,262
Soviet troops have
swept into Afghanistan,

285
00:16:42,305 --> 00:16:43,741
dramatically changing

286
00:16:43,785 --> 00:16:45,743
the power game
in the Persian Gulf.

287
00:16:45,787 --> 00:16:47,528
As much as it would like to,

288
00:16:47,571 --> 00:16:50,661
the United States can no longer  encourage disintegration

289
00:16:50,705 --> 00:16:54,056
of authority in Iran in order
to free the hostages.

290
00:16:54,100 --> 00:16:56,928
Day 59, January 1st,

291
00:16:56,972 --> 00:16:59,757
an angry mob of Afghan
and Iranian demonstrators

292
00:16:59,801 --> 00:17:02,238
stormed the Soviet
Embassy in Tehran.

293
00:17:02,282 --> 00:17:05,067
But this time,  Khomeini'’s revolutionary guards

294
00:17:05,111 --> 00:17:08,418
evict the protestors.

295
00:17:08,462 --> 00:17:11,334
That same day, U.N.
Secretary General Waldheim

296
00:17:11,378 --> 00:17:14,685
arrives in Tehran to negotiate  the release of the hostages.

297
00:17:14,729 --> 00:17:16,122
She was kind of watching

298
00:17:16,165 --> 00:17:19,777
these positions
and maneuverings,

299
00:17:19,821 --> 00:17:22,302
public opinion being molded.

300
00:17:22,345 --> 00:17:25,740
Kind of uniformly anti-Iran,
people were calling for war.

301
00:17:25,783 --> 00:17:28,134
People were calling
for all kinds of things.

302
00:17:28,177 --> 00:17:30,092
She felt that there
was a lack of sympathy

303
00:17:30,136 --> 00:17:32,181
for the goals
of the Iranian revolution.

304
00:17:32,225 --> 00:17:36,620
One analyst says, Khomeini
so strongly detests the U.S.

305
00:17:36,664 --> 00:17:40,102
for its support of the Shah
who was his lifetime enemy,

306
00:17:40,146 --> 00:17:43,758
but also because he considers
Americans Satan'’s people

307
00:17:43,801 --> 00:17:46,195
and leaders
of the decadent West.

308
00:17:46,239 --> 00:17:48,632
Outside the United States
Embassy in Tehran,

309
00:17:48,676 --> 00:17:50,373
this morning the crowds,
once again,

310
00:17:50,417 --> 00:17:53,028
took up their daily chanting
and sign waving,

311
00:17:53,072 --> 00:17:55,204
especially for
the television cameras.

312
00:17:55,248 --> 00:17:57,902
[chanting]

313
00:17:57,946 --> 00:18:02,516
During that crisis, she hit
record and she never stopped.

314
00:18:02,559 --> 00:18:05,127
The Iran Crisis.

315
00:18:05,171 --> 00:18:07,173
America Held Hostage.

316
00:18:07,216 --> 00:18:10,393
America Held Hostage aired
first for fifteen minutes,

317
00:18:10,437 --> 00:18:12,091
then for a half hour.

318
00:18:12,134 --> 00:18:15,355
It'’s actually
a kind of successful show

319
00:18:15,398 --> 00:18:19,837
to the point
that Nightline was born.

320
00:18:19,881 --> 00:18:22,971
Nightline was actually
a very transformative program

321
00:18:23,014 --> 00:18:25,582
in the history
of American television.

322
00:18:25,626 --> 00:18:27,454
Iranian health representatives--

323
00:18:27,497 --> 00:18:30,805
The idea of a new show
at 11:30 at night,

324
00:18:30,848 --> 00:18:32,633
aired essentially
in competition

325
00:18:32,676 --> 00:18:36,854
with the evening talk shows
like The Tonight Show.

326
00:18:36,898 --> 00:18:41,163
And then, something
kind of amazing happens.

327
00:18:41,207 --> 00:18:43,774
It actually is watched
by a lot of people.

328
00:18:43,818 --> 00:18:45,994
Good evening, some
of the rhetoric coming out

329
00:18:46,037 --> 00:18:50,216
of Iran today was reminiscent ofthe early weeks of this crisis.

330
00:18:50,259 --> 00:18:53,480
There was a long running drama

331
00:18:53,523 --> 00:18:55,569
which had the capacity

332
00:18:55,612 --> 00:18:58,572
to change every day
unpredictably,

333
00:18:58,615 --> 00:19:01,792
so it had a beautiful,
dramatic structure.

334
00:19:01,836 --> 00:19:05,144
It had lots
of unpredictable characters,

335
00:19:05,187 --> 00:19:07,755
many sub events.

336
00:19:07,798 --> 00:19:09,583
There has been
a startling new development

337
00:19:09,626 --> 00:19:11,498
in the Iran hostage crisis.

338
00:19:11,541 --> 00:19:14,065
That U.S. attempt to launch
a military rescue

339
00:19:14,109 --> 00:19:16,720
of the American hostages
in Tehran has been,

340
00:19:16,764 --> 00:19:19,375
as you have now heard
several times, aborted.

341
00:19:19,419 --> 00:19:21,899
Eight U.S. servicemen
killed in the process.

342
00:19:21,943 --> 00:19:26,382
And it had this kind
of agonizing pathos

343
00:19:26,426 --> 00:19:28,732
of being taken hostage.

344
00:19:28,776 --> 00:19:30,604
Not only were the Americans

345
00:19:30,647 --> 00:19:33,259
held in the embassy
in Tehran hostage,

346
00:19:33,302 --> 00:19:36,871
but everybody else
was a hostage, too.

347
00:19:36,914 --> 00:19:42,703
The TV was part of what
was taking us hostage.

348
00:19:42,746 --> 00:19:45,358
We have a report,
Barbara, excuse me,

349
00:19:45,401 --> 00:19:48,622
I am just told that
the Associated Press reports

350
00:19:48,665 --> 00:19:51,625
that the hostages
are leaving the airport.

351
00:19:51,668 --> 00:19:55,019
Now we can'’t go any further
than that on that report,

352
00:19:55,063 --> 00:19:56,847
but it comes to us
from Associated Press.

353
00:19:56,891 --> 00:19:58,371
I don'’t know
whether it'’s filed--

354
00:19:58,414 --> 00:20:00,590
it must be filed
from Tehran, and, uh,

355
00:20:00,634 --> 00:20:02,679
they say that the hostages
are leaving the airport.

356
00:20:02,723 --> 00:20:04,942
Imagine that,
we are within half an hour

357
00:20:04,986 --> 00:20:06,857
-of the transition of power.
-I'’d like to hear

358
00:20:06,901 --> 00:20:09,251
from Ted Koppel before  the President-elect comes out.

359
00:20:09,295 --> 00:20:11,122
Ted, can you come in and
give us any late information

360
00:20:11,166 --> 00:20:13,777
-on the hostages?
-Yes, I can, UPI has just

361
00:20:13,821 --> 00:20:16,302
gone with a flash, which is,
in effect, the highest,

362
00:20:16,345 --> 00:20:19,348
the most important notification  of news that they can give.

363
00:20:19,392 --> 00:20:22,003
The last time they did it was  with the Kennedy assassination.

364
00:20:22,046 --> 00:20:25,746
It'’s two words,
it says, "Hostages Freed."

365
00:20:25,789 --> 00:20:27,878
They'’re free,
they'’re free, Mr. President.

366
00:20:27,922 --> 00:20:29,358
They'’re free, Mr. President.

367
00:20:29,402 --> 00:20:31,360
We'’ve had press reports
that they'’re free.

368
00:20:31,404 --> 00:20:33,362
-Freed.
-We'’ve had press report.

369
00:20:33,406 --> 00:20:35,190
What do you have
to say about that?

370
00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:36,931
-What do you have to say, sir?  -There'’s only one thing

371
00:20:36,974 --> 00:20:38,933
to say--thank God.

372
00:20:38,976 --> 00:20:41,196
One of the most dramatic
freedom pictures that we'’ve

373
00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:42,980
all ever seen--those,

374
00:20:43,024 --> 00:20:45,940
the 52 American hostages now
officially designated

375
00:20:45,983 --> 00:20:49,248
the returnees out of Iran.

376
00:20:49,291 --> 00:20:52,251
The Iranian hostage crisis
happened in 1979

377
00:20:52,294 --> 00:20:54,992
and CNN launched in 1980.

378
00:20:55,036 --> 00:20:57,168
So my mother started taping

379
00:20:57,212 --> 00:21:00,171
really, at the birth
of the 24-hour news cycle.

380
00:21:00,215 --> 00:21:03,174
The news 24 hours every day.

381
00:21:03,218 --> 00:21:05,176
Then she, she really,

382
00:21:05,220 --> 00:21:07,309
she really went into high gear.

383
00:21:07,353 --> 00:21:09,311
I recall there
were times when

384
00:21:09,355 --> 00:21:11,618
there were eight recorders
going at once.

385
00:21:11,661 --> 00:21:13,576
Those were special occasions.

386
00:21:13,620 --> 00:21:17,841
Normally, there were three
to five tapes recording.

387
00:21:17,885 --> 00:21:19,582
People would say
things, like, "Well,

388
00:21:19,626 --> 00:21:22,324
of course, the station'’s
gonna keep everything."

389
00:21:22,368 --> 00:21:23,717
Of course,
we know now that the stations

390
00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:26,459
don'’t keep everything.

391
00:21:26,502 --> 00:21:29,244
She understood
that this was changing,

392
00:21:29,288 --> 00:21:31,986
the speed of news
was increasing,

393
00:21:32,029 --> 00:21:34,162
and that you'’d find news
in places that you wouldn'’t

394
00:21:34,205 --> 00:21:36,947
have found it
in order to fill that space.

395
00:21:41,778 --> 00:21:43,737
♪

396
00:21:43,780 --> 00:21:46,174
With new capabilities
for recording that

397
00:21:46,217 --> 00:21:48,307
and for tracking that process,

398
00:21:48,350 --> 00:21:50,352
she was watching public opinion

399
00:21:50,396 --> 00:21:53,703
being molded
in this new medium.

400
00:21:53,747 --> 00:21:59,100
♪

401
00:21:59,143 --> 00:22:03,365
I mean, I don'’t think it was
joyful to her, this taping.

402
00:22:03,409 --> 00:22:06,194
And if the tape wasn'’t going,
she was not happy.

403
00:22:06,237 --> 00:22:07,369
She couldn'’t
leave the apartment

404
00:22:07,413 --> 00:22:08,762
without having a tape in.

405
00:22:08,805 --> 00:22:11,155
And if we came in
and the tape stopped,

406
00:22:11,199 --> 00:22:14,333
she was upset, too,
because she didn'’t get it all.

407
00:22:14,376 --> 00:22:16,073
"The tape is ended,
what happened?"

408
00:22:16,117 --> 00:22:20,469
You know, so it was
a disaster for the day.

409
00:22:20,513 --> 00:22:22,384
♪

410
00:22:22,428 --> 00:22:24,386
We had to go back
to The Barclay

411
00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:27,476
in-between things
to change the tapes.

412
00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:29,826
She always knew exactly

413
00:22:29,870 --> 00:22:32,176
when one of the tape machines
were to stop.

414
00:22:32,220 --> 00:22:34,396
You said it was
on Thursday night.

415
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:36,659
-You taped the wrong show.
-Take control of your TV.

416
00:22:36,703 --> 00:22:40,010
There is a system with your TV  where you can record stuff,

417
00:22:40,054 --> 00:22:42,491
but she didn'’t want that.

418
00:22:42,535 --> 00:22:46,060
She was concerned someone else  would know what she was taping.

419
00:22:46,103 --> 00:22:48,149
And she said,
"I can tape what I want

420
00:22:48,192 --> 00:22:51,544
and people don'’t really know
what I'’m actually taping."

421
00:22:51,587 --> 00:22:53,981
The predawn retrieval
of Elián González

422
00:22:54,024 --> 00:22:55,852
came as many had begun thinking

423
00:22:55,896 --> 00:22:58,420
that a voluntary handover
was in the offing.

424
00:22:58,464 --> 00:23:00,901
A moment-by-moment account
on how things changed

425
00:23:00,944 --> 00:23:04,165
from NBC'’s Pete Williams.

426
00:23:04,208 --> 00:23:06,080
She would often ask the people,

427
00:23:06,123 --> 00:23:07,603
you know,
at Rittenhouse Camera,

428
00:23:07,647 --> 00:23:10,258
to send the tapes
in black trash bags.

429
00:23:10,301 --> 00:23:12,434
♪

430
00:23:12,478 --> 00:23:16,612
I guess she felt insecure
in a way that people were

431
00:23:16,656 --> 00:23:20,442
talkin'’ about her
behind her back or something.

432
00:23:20,486 --> 00:23:22,313
You know, she would
always tell me, "Frank--

433
00:23:22,357 --> 00:23:25,055
I don'’t look like you
and you don'’t understand

434
00:23:25,099 --> 00:23:29,712
what I'’ve been through
and how people judge her.

435
00:23:29,756 --> 00:23:31,671
When she moved into
The Barclay, she said

436
00:23:31,714 --> 00:23:34,238
she had gotten comments
from different residents

437
00:23:34,282 --> 00:23:37,459
saying she didn'’t belong there.

438
00:23:37,503 --> 00:23:40,375
She was secretive about
the process of recording

439
00:23:40,419 --> 00:23:43,030
partly because she was
secretive about everything,

440
00:23:43,073 --> 00:23:46,512
but partly because people kind
of viewed it as kind of nutty.

441
00:23:46,555 --> 00:23:48,905
Lucy Coleman and Liz
are identical twins

442
00:23:48,949 --> 00:23:50,429
and they'’re celebrating.

443
00:23:50,472 --> 00:23:53,257
Wednesday they'’ll be
100 years old.

444
00:23:53,301 --> 00:23:55,564
The odds of twins  living a century are said to be

445
00:23:55,608 --> 00:23:57,523
one in seven hundred million.

446
00:23:57,566 --> 00:24:00,569
This is the greatest thing
this town has ever had.

447
00:24:00,613 --> 00:24:02,136
And it'’s signed Ronald Reagan.

448
00:24:02,179 --> 00:24:05,400
-That'’s fine, thank you.
-You'’re very welcome.

449
00:24:05,444 --> 00:24:07,358
-That'’s from the President.
-I know.

450
00:24:07,402 --> 00:24:09,186
She told her husband
ten years ago

451
00:24:09,230 --> 00:24:11,754
that she wanted to be buried
in her beloved Cadillac.

452
00:24:11,798 --> 00:24:13,495
So after the 62-year old woman

453
00:24:13,539 --> 00:24:15,802
died of cancer on Thursday,
she got her wish.

454
00:24:15,845 --> 00:24:18,500
After the car was lowered
into the vault by the crane,

455
00:24:18,544 --> 00:24:22,548
the woman'’s casket
was placed on top of the car.

456
00:24:22,591 --> 00:24:25,028
They are still tryingto reach little Jessica McClure.

457
00:24:25,072 --> 00:24:26,943
She'’s 18 months old,
she'’s been trapped

458
00:24:26,987 --> 00:24:29,685
in a narrow pipe 20 feet  below ground in Midland, Texas

459
00:24:29,729 --> 00:24:31,513
for nearly 24 hours now.

460
00:24:31,557 --> 00:24:33,080
The child fell while playing

461
00:24:33,123 --> 00:24:34,690
with other toddlers
yesterday morning.

462
00:24:34,734 --> 00:24:37,432
Rescuers are now trying
to tunnel through rock

463
00:24:37,476 --> 00:24:40,087
-to reach Jessica.
-Beaufort, South Carolina

464
00:24:40,130 --> 00:24:42,002
is a tranquil sort of place.

465
00:24:42,045 --> 00:24:45,658
How loud can you be
when you love God?

466
00:24:45,701 --> 00:24:48,922
Placid and tranquil until  the preachers hit the streets.

467
00:24:48,965 --> 00:24:53,143
If you are found without
the blood of Jesus Christ,

468
00:24:53,187 --> 00:24:56,756
you will be cast alive
into a lake of fire.

469
00:24:56,799 --> 00:25:01,500
She did remark periodically
on how small events

470
00:25:01,543 --> 00:25:04,546
from small town America would  occasionally make it onto CNN,

471
00:25:04,590 --> 00:25:07,549
which would never have
made the national news.

472
00:25:07,593 --> 00:25:10,291
She was concerned with how
that 24-hour news cycle

473
00:25:10,334 --> 00:25:13,033
was being filled and what
effect that would have.

474
00:25:13,076 --> 00:25:15,688
They send us
their cars, their VCRs,

475
00:25:15,731 --> 00:25:17,777
and just about everything else.

476
00:25:17,820 --> 00:25:21,389
Their success makes them money,  not necessarily friends.

477
00:25:21,432 --> 00:25:23,870
The Japanese have a big
public relations problem

478
00:25:23,913 --> 00:25:26,002
in America and big problems

479
00:25:26,046 --> 00:25:29,745
require big solutions.

480
00:25:29,789 --> 00:25:31,965
Big, how'’s this for big?

481
00:25:32,008 --> 00:25:35,098
Japan'’s newest export,
Sumo wrestlers.

482
00:25:35,142 --> 00:25:38,885
The Japanese have just sent  America several tons of sumos,

483
00:25:38,928 --> 00:25:42,323
a good will tour to improve
Japan'’s image in this country

484
00:25:42,366 --> 00:25:45,587
and just possibly to take our
minds off the trade deficit.

485
00:25:45,631 --> 00:25:48,590
Since the first of the year,a new law allows German citizens

486
00:25:48,634 --> 00:25:50,853
free access to secret files
kept on them

487
00:25:50,897 --> 00:25:53,508
by the former
East German Secret Police.

488
00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:55,684
For decades,
the police, known as Stasi,

489
00:25:55,728 --> 00:25:57,294
spied on thousands of Germans.

490
00:25:57,338 --> 00:25:58,992
The East German
Secret Police had

491
00:25:59,035 --> 00:26:01,995
an extraordinarily
efficient spy apparatus,

492
00:26:02,038 --> 00:26:05,738
collecting information on an
estimated six million people.

493
00:26:05,781 --> 00:26:08,610
The law not only gives victims  access to their files,

494
00:26:08,654 --> 00:26:10,394
but lets them see the names

495
00:26:10,438 --> 00:26:12,222
of those
who spied against them.

496
00:26:12,266 --> 00:26:14,573
Truthfulness
will not cushion the pain

497
00:26:14,616 --> 00:26:18,011
as East Germans discover
just who spied on whom,

498
00:26:18,054 --> 00:26:21,188
including friends, neighbors,
and even family.

499
00:26:21,231 --> 00:26:25,279
She was obsessed with the
mediation of media, you know,

500
00:26:25,322 --> 00:26:29,544
how media reflects
a society back to itself.

501
00:26:29,588 --> 00:26:31,764
Exploitation of tearful widows,

502
00:26:31,807 --> 00:26:34,157
cases of blatant
sensationalism,

503
00:26:34,201 --> 00:26:36,682
and the manipulation
of the press by politicians.

504
00:26:36,725 --> 00:26:39,162
And although accusing
the press of looking bad

505
00:26:39,206 --> 00:26:40,903
may seem to be fashionable,

506
00:26:40,947 --> 00:26:43,645
Chancellor says it doesn'’t
square with the facts.

507
00:26:43,689 --> 00:26:45,560
The polling data
that I have seen

508
00:26:45,604 --> 00:26:47,867
and the people I'’ve
talked to around the country

509
00:26:47,910 --> 00:26:50,696
show that those of us who are
in it are far more worried

510
00:26:50,739 --> 00:26:53,655
about its credibility than thosewho see it or read it.

511
00:26:53,699 --> 00:26:56,397
The public is fairly content
with the journalism

512
00:26:56,440 --> 00:26:58,181
it'’s getting in America today.

513
00:26:58,225 --> 00:26:59,792
I was thinking,

514
00:26:59,835 --> 00:27:03,360
what'’s the purpose
of continually taping,

515
00:27:03,404 --> 00:27:06,276
but I didn'’t ask her about it.

516
00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:09,410
I think it was
for the betterment of mankind.

517
00:27:09,453 --> 00:27:12,761
♪

518
00:27:12,805 --> 00:27:15,938
They are coming essentially
out of the same background

519
00:27:15,982 --> 00:27:18,332
and have pretty much
the same biases

520
00:27:18,375 --> 00:27:21,596
and stereotypes and approaches
to life that you have.

521
00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:24,599
You talk among yourselves
in a technical language

522
00:27:24,643 --> 00:27:27,515
which is to exclude
the rest of us from being able

523
00:27:27,558 --> 00:27:30,866
to evaluate, in terms
of reality, our lives.

524
00:27:30,910 --> 00:27:32,781
You need, you need
to deal with people

525
00:27:32,825 --> 00:27:36,959
who are livinga different reality than yours.

526
00:27:37,003 --> 00:27:38,918
It seemed like she
was always interested

527
00:27:38,961 --> 00:27:41,050
in getting
different people together

528
00:27:41,094 --> 00:27:44,532
and having them live
together peaceably.

529
00:27:44,575 --> 00:27:45,925
John and Marion were working on

530
00:27:45,968 --> 00:27:48,928
this "Input"
TV series together.

531
00:27:48,971 --> 00:27:51,408
And I guess they just bonded.

532
00:27:51,452 --> 00:27:53,454
To have a confrontation,
let'’s say, Jewish/Christian,

533
00:27:53,497 --> 00:27:56,239
or Black/White,
or youth/adult,

534
00:27:56,283 --> 00:27:59,547
whichever the course is,
they, too, come together

535
00:27:59,590 --> 00:28:03,377
as communities prepared
to hear honestly

536
00:28:03,420 --> 00:28:05,335
what they don'’t normally hear.

537
00:28:05,379 --> 00:28:09,731
So that this concept of really
opening yourself is, uh,

538
00:28:09,775 --> 00:28:12,778
what I am attempting to,
uh, help develop here.

539
00:28:12,821 --> 00:28:14,997
♪

540
00:28:15,041 --> 00:28:19,349
My father and Marion
were producers on the shows.

541
00:28:19,393 --> 00:28:24,746
I completely believe they were
really fighting for justice

542
00:28:24,790 --> 00:28:28,271
and freedom and that they each,

543
00:28:28,315 --> 00:28:30,665
in their own way,
were really committed to that.

544
00:28:30,709 --> 00:28:34,364
Any conceptual prejudice
or any misinformation

545
00:28:34,408 --> 00:28:37,803
which may existcan be gotten out on the table.

546
00:28:37,846 --> 00:28:41,632
And when it'’s examined in this,uh, spirit of affirmation,

547
00:28:41,676 --> 00:28:44,940
even if the affirmation'’sonly coming, let'’s say, one way,

548
00:28:44,984 --> 00:28:48,204
the belief is that somehow thiscan be deflated and looked at

549
00:28:48,248 --> 00:28:52,078
so that the goodness
begins to bubble through.

550
00:28:52,121 --> 00:28:54,907
I was kind of intrigued by him,  to say the least.

551
00:28:54,950 --> 00:28:56,691
You know, I was this guy
from the street corner

552
00:28:56,735 --> 00:29:00,434
and this is this rich guy
in Chestnut Hill.

553
00:29:00,477 --> 00:29:01,783
I knew that he didn'’t work,

554
00:29:01,827 --> 00:29:03,872
'’cause he was always
around in the daytime.

555
00:29:03,916 --> 00:29:06,788
So I said, this guy
is too rich to work.

556
00:29:06,832 --> 00:29:09,051
John wanted
something organized.

557
00:29:09,095 --> 00:29:12,620
It was real '’60s type of thing
and we'’d hang out together.

558
00:29:12,663 --> 00:29:15,405
He would pick a topic
and then we would discuss it.

559
00:29:15,449 --> 00:29:16,972
His quest was always,

560
00:29:17,016 --> 00:29:18,800
how are we gonna
change the structure?

561
00:29:18,844 --> 00:29:21,585
This phoniness, this,
this role playing,

562
00:29:21,629 --> 00:29:24,458
this not getting through to
each other is creating images

563
00:29:24,501 --> 00:29:27,113
for each other and all this typeof thing has got to go.

564
00:29:27,156 --> 00:29:28,941
I was the rabble rouser.

565
00:29:28,984 --> 00:29:30,812
And I realized he was
trying to do the same things

566
00:29:30,856 --> 00:29:33,075
I was trying to do.

567
00:29:33,119 --> 00:29:36,818
Marion had that same goal.

568
00:29:36,862 --> 00:29:40,256
I respect a person
who will deal with, with--

569
00:29:40,300 --> 00:29:43,738
With my ideas
or with the situation,

570
00:29:43,782 --> 00:29:46,175
the reality of the situation.

571
00:29:46,219 --> 00:29:48,395
Not, not my credentials

572
00:29:48,438 --> 00:29:50,527
that I use the feminine wiles

573
00:29:50,571 --> 00:29:52,268
or that I say it the right way.

574
00:29:52,312 --> 00:29:54,357
You see, that'’s what's
wrong with black folks.

575
00:29:54,401 --> 00:29:55,881
We don'’t say it the right way.

576
00:29:55,924 --> 00:29:57,796
If we just did,
everything would be all right.

577
00:29:57,839 --> 00:30:00,537
And if women would just,
you know, uh, uh,

578
00:30:00,581 --> 00:30:03,845
say it politely and make themthink it'’s their idea and so on,

579
00:30:03,889 --> 00:30:05,281
then there wouldn'’t be
all this trouble.

580
00:30:05,325 --> 00:30:06,979
And why are we
now rocking the boat?

581
00:30:07,022 --> 00:30:08,545
-I think---I think we can'’t deal with it.

582
00:30:08,589 --> 00:30:11,592
Well, I don'’t accept
that totally in that--

583
00:30:11,635 --> 00:30:13,072
They were talking
about process.

584
00:30:13,115 --> 00:30:14,856
And my mother said,
"If I'’m charge,

585
00:30:14,900 --> 00:30:17,250
everybody can be equal,"

586
00:30:17,293 --> 00:30:19,774
which is the kind of thing
that you might expect

587
00:30:19,818 --> 00:30:22,603
from someone transitioning
out of the Communist Party.

588
00:30:22,646 --> 00:30:26,041
You talked about, about faith
in the democratic process.

589
00:30:26,085 --> 00:30:29,218
You know, when people are killedon the courthouse steps,

590
00:30:29,262 --> 00:30:32,178
you know, for going up
to register to vote,

591
00:30:32,221 --> 00:30:34,876
now, how can you expect

592
00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:36,922
black people to have faith
in the democratic process?

593
00:30:36,965 --> 00:30:38,880
If you want us to have faith
in the democratic process,

594
00:30:38,924 --> 00:30:40,534
-make it work.
-See, I'’m with you.

595
00:30:40,577 --> 00:30:41,883
It'’s your process, make it work.

596
00:30:41,927 --> 00:30:43,842
See, I'’m with you,
all of us together.

597
00:30:43,885 --> 00:30:45,452
Not I make it work,
but will you join me?

598
00:30:45,495 --> 00:30:47,019
-No, you make it work.
-Will you join me?

599
00:30:47,062 --> 00:30:48,629
You keep me out
of your institutions,

600
00:30:48,672 --> 00:30:50,196
-therefore you--no, you have...-I should keep you out?

601
00:30:50,239 --> 00:30:52,154
...kept me out of yourinstitutions, your institutions

602
00:30:52,198 --> 00:30:53,982
-are what run this country.-But if we are opening the door

603
00:30:54,026 --> 00:30:55,810
and saying, come, let'’s sit downand talk and reason together...

604
00:30:55,854 --> 00:30:57,899
-Make your process work first.
-...as Johnson always says.

605
00:30:57,943 --> 00:30:58,944
-And then...
-You don'’t want to come in

606
00:30:58,987 --> 00:31:00,336
and and reason together?

607
00:31:00,380 --> 00:31:02,425
You don'’t want me in there.

608
00:31:02,469 --> 00:31:04,123
See, you'’re only talking
as you, as an individual.

609
00:31:04,166 --> 00:31:06,473
Marion wasa very intelligent, very sharp,

610
00:31:06,516 --> 00:31:09,911
very determined person
to get her points across.

611
00:31:09,955 --> 00:31:12,479
I think John was
attracted to that.

612
00:31:15,351 --> 00:31:16,875
I think a lot of it had to do

613
00:31:16,918 --> 00:31:20,356
with them having
very similar ideals.

614
00:31:20,400 --> 00:31:24,926
And my mother really wasn'’t
into social issues.

615
00:31:24,970 --> 00:31:28,538
She was an artist, she cared
about how things looked.

616
00:31:28,582 --> 00:31:33,239
And she was not a deeply
spiritual person at all.

617
00:31:33,282 --> 00:31:35,328
Unfortunately,
I think my mother felt

618
00:31:35,371 --> 00:31:37,939
very accused by him

619
00:31:37,983 --> 00:31:40,942
and I think that really
distressed my mom a lot.

620
00:31:40,986 --> 00:31:42,944
♪

621
00:31:42,988 --> 00:31:45,120
I'’m trying to make
a positive input in society

622
00:31:45,164 --> 00:31:48,558
instead of hanging on some set  of norms that are prevailing.

623
00:31:48,602 --> 00:31:51,822
What is the key to building

624
00:31:51,866 --> 00:31:54,956
a type of way of communicating
and working together so we--

625
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:58,481
I think he knew he thought
very differently about things

626
00:31:58,525 --> 00:32:01,354
and wasn'’t interested in

627
00:32:01,397 --> 00:32:05,140
his social class particularly.

628
00:32:05,184 --> 00:32:09,579
He had strong
philosophical convictions.

629
00:32:09,623 --> 00:32:12,060
The awakening of individuals
as to who they are--

630
00:32:12,104 --> 00:32:14,193
What their identity is,
how they define themselves,

631
00:32:14,236 --> 00:32:15,672
whether as a member
of a white group

632
00:32:15,716 --> 00:32:17,587
or black group,
Jewish, Christian.

633
00:32:17,631 --> 00:32:20,460
Everyone is saying, "I'’m tryingto find out who I am."

634
00:32:20,503 --> 00:32:22,897
-Well justified.
-One said, John, uh--

635
00:32:22,941 --> 00:32:25,421
The working relationship
and, eventually, the romance

636
00:32:25,465 --> 00:32:27,336
between these people
from different backgrounds

637
00:32:27,380 --> 00:32:30,818
really puzzled people.

638
00:32:30,861 --> 00:32:32,689
My impression is that
the two of them never

639
00:32:32,733 --> 00:32:34,430
really felt understood
by other people

640
00:32:34,474 --> 00:32:36,693
until they really met
each other.

641
00:32:36,737 --> 00:32:39,958
♪

642
00:32:40,001 --> 00:32:43,004
I knew that he had a family.

643
00:32:43,048 --> 00:32:45,354
I remember, you know,
seeing him at our house.

644
00:32:45,398 --> 00:32:50,185
♪

645
00:32:50,229 --> 00:32:53,580
I think that I understood
something'’s going on.

646
00:32:53,623 --> 00:32:58,063
You know as a 10, 11-year-old,  I kind of wasn'’t welcome.

647
00:32:58,106 --> 00:33:01,936
♪

648
00:33:01,980 --> 00:33:05,113
I'’d been through college
and was living back at home.

649
00:33:05,157 --> 00:33:09,726
And I remember
coming into the kitchen

650
00:33:09,770 --> 00:33:13,643
and he was almost at the door

651
00:33:13,687 --> 00:33:15,994
with a suitcase.

652
00:33:16,037 --> 00:33:19,040
And I said,
"How long is this for?"

653
00:33:19,084 --> 00:33:21,042
I mean,
at this point I was 17.

654
00:33:21,086 --> 00:33:23,436
Um, "How long is this for?"

655
00:33:23,479 --> 00:33:26,265
And he said, "Well,
um, I'’m not really sure."

656
00:33:26,308 --> 00:33:30,747
♪

657
00:33:30,791 --> 00:33:35,013
I was able to get horoscopes
of two people who I knew

658
00:33:35,056 --> 00:33:37,058
who, uh, let'’s say
were very much in love

659
00:33:37,102 --> 00:33:39,495
or were collaborating together
very closely.

660
00:33:39,539 --> 00:33:41,106
And I was astounded

661
00:33:41,149 --> 00:33:43,760
when these two charts
were superimposed

662
00:33:43,804 --> 00:33:47,416
that here were these very--
about eight planets

663
00:33:47,460 --> 00:33:51,246
were in close correlation
or conjunction.

664
00:33:51,290 --> 00:33:54,684
♪

665
00:33:54,728 --> 00:33:57,165
There'’s a certain point
where even--

666
00:33:57,209 --> 00:33:59,776
even I'’m gonna get it

667
00:33:59,820 --> 00:34:01,865
and, uh, I think I got it.

668
00:34:01,909 --> 00:34:04,303
[air rushing]

669
00:34:08,655 --> 00:34:11,223
I guess you could call it
the pre-marriage honeymoon.

670
00:34:11,266 --> 00:34:13,486
♪

671
00:34:13,529 --> 00:34:15,183
We spent quite a bit of time
in London

672
00:34:15,227 --> 00:34:18,099
and then we spent at least
a few days in Paris.

673
00:34:18,143 --> 00:34:33,071
♪

674
00:34:33,071 --> 00:34:34,507
♪

675
00:34:34,550 --> 00:34:36,161
As a librarian,
she'’d kind of seen pictures

676
00:34:36,204 --> 00:34:40,034
of all this stuff and
kind of knew a lot about it.

677
00:34:40,078 --> 00:34:42,341
It was just an amazing thing.

678
00:34:42,384 --> 00:34:46,475
♪

679
00:34:46,519 --> 00:34:49,652
It was a shift.

680
00:34:49,696 --> 00:34:52,742
I understood that we probably
weren'’t gonna have to heat

681
00:34:52,786 --> 00:34:55,745
the house with gas
from the stove anymore.

682
00:34:55,789 --> 00:35:02,143
♪

683
00:35:02,187 --> 00:35:03,753
I certainly looked on him,
you know,

684
00:35:03,797 --> 00:35:05,581
as a bit of a role model.

685
00:35:05,625 --> 00:35:09,150
♪

686
00:35:09,194 --> 00:35:12,284
They were married
in New Hope, Pennsylvania,

687
00:35:12,327 --> 00:35:13,807
two days
after I turned thirteen.

688
00:35:13,850 --> 00:35:16,157
♪

689
00:35:16,201 --> 00:35:17,680
A lot of John'’s family
was there, that was

690
00:35:17,724 --> 00:35:19,900
the first time
I met his children.

691
00:35:19,943 --> 00:35:21,902
♪

692
00:35:21,945 --> 00:35:24,905
I could see how happy
my father was with Marion.

693
00:35:24,948 --> 00:35:27,168
♪

694
00:35:27,212 --> 00:35:29,823
It was pretty overwhelming.

695
00:35:29,866 --> 00:35:33,522
♪

696
00:35:33,566 --> 00:35:37,178
Each of them accepted
their personality quirks,

697
00:35:37,222 --> 00:35:39,833
their intensity and intellect

698
00:35:39,876 --> 00:35:41,748
at a level that neither
of them, I think,

699
00:35:41,791 --> 00:35:44,490
had really felt before.

700
00:35:44,533 --> 00:35:48,668
Her relationship to John was

701
00:35:48,711 --> 00:35:51,714
one of the most deeply  satisfying things in her life.

702
00:35:51,758 --> 00:35:54,152
♪

703
00:35:59,026 --> 00:36:01,463
[tape clicking]

704
00:36:01,507 --> 00:36:11,995
♪

705
00:36:12,039 --> 00:36:14,476
[elephants trumpeting]

706
00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:19,264
♪

707
00:36:19,307 --> 00:36:22,397
Turn on the machine,

708
00:36:22,441 --> 00:36:25,008
pour in almost all the water,
and then go,

709
00:36:25,052 --> 00:36:27,228
pump, pump, pump.

710
00:36:27,272 --> 00:36:29,056
This now is a tape

711
00:36:29,099 --> 00:36:31,841
of yesterday afternoon'’s
shooting, the assailant

712
00:36:31,885 --> 00:36:34,453
now held to the ground--
the President, who was

713
00:36:34,496 --> 00:36:36,237
immediately pushed
into the car.

714
00:36:36,281 --> 00:36:38,239
I knew that they
recorded things sometimes.

715
00:36:38,283 --> 00:36:40,763
-24 hours a day, relax--  -But I didn'’t have any sense of

716
00:36:40,807 --> 00:36:42,243
-it being a specific project.
-NBC News Team.

717
00:36:42,287 --> 00:36:43,592
Experience you can trust.

718
00:36:43,636 --> 00:36:45,246
This is CBS.

719
00:36:45,290 --> 00:36:47,379
Each evening,
Monday through Friday on--

720
00:36:47,422 --> 00:36:48,902
This is CBS.

721
00:36:48,945 --> 00:36:53,298
Twenty-four hour feeds
were CNN, FOX, MSNBC.

722
00:36:53,341 --> 00:36:55,648
Then I would put in
an eight-hour tape.

723
00:36:55,691 --> 00:36:58,259
Marion controlled
certain of the VCRs,

724
00:36:58,303 --> 00:37:01,306
selectively changing
station to station.

725
00:37:01,349 --> 00:37:04,134
She was creating
a library at home.

726
00:37:04,178 --> 00:37:08,226
And she often talked
about buying another property

727
00:37:08,269 --> 00:37:11,620
that she could put
her whole library in.

728
00:37:11,664 --> 00:37:14,319
Imagine being able
to go to a reference source

729
00:37:14,362 --> 00:37:16,103
where you can
actually see and hear.

730
00:37:16,146 --> 00:37:19,759
♪ Come feel the excitement♪

731
00:37:19,802 --> 00:37:22,588
♪ Of who, what, where, why♪

732
00:37:22,631 --> 00:37:25,286
♪ Open Britannica♪

733
00:37:25,330 --> 00:37:26,940
That sense of kind
of stewarding a whole

734
00:37:26,983 --> 00:37:28,724
lot of knowledge
and actually being able

735
00:37:28,768 --> 00:37:30,204
to give it to people struck

736
00:37:30,248 --> 00:37:32,206
her sort of democratic
sensibilities.

737
00:37:32,250 --> 00:37:34,208
♪

738
00:37:34,252 --> 00:37:36,993
In Afghanistan,  increasing numbers of refugees

739
00:37:37,037 --> 00:37:39,213
continue crossing
the border into Pakistan.

740
00:37:39,257 --> 00:37:40,867
The flow of refugees arrive

741
00:37:40,910 --> 00:37:42,738
at the rate of about 400 a day

742
00:37:42,782 --> 00:37:44,958
in camps set up
by the Pakistan government

743
00:37:45,001 --> 00:37:47,177
-some distance from the border.  -The New York City

744
00:37:47,221 --> 00:37:49,310
Transit Worker'’s strike
is into its fourth day.

745
00:37:49,354 --> 00:37:51,399
[horns blaring]

746
00:37:51,443 --> 00:37:54,446
Yes, despite
all kinds of traffic jams--

747
00:37:54,489 --> 00:37:57,753
-Somebody do something!
-New Yorkers have not allowed

748
00:37:57,797 --> 00:38:00,669
the strike to change
their usual disposition.

749
00:38:00,713 --> 00:38:03,455
-This air stinks.
-It stinks.

750
00:38:03,498 --> 00:38:05,761
Don'’t bother me, why don't
you do something constructive?

751
00:38:05,805 --> 00:38:08,198
[clucking noises]

752
00:38:08,242 --> 00:38:11,245
It'’s been two years since the
Soviets invaded Afghanistan,

753
00:38:11,289 --> 00:38:13,334
and today a State Department
report said the Soviets

754
00:38:13,378 --> 00:38:16,946
seemed bogged down in a  Vietnam-like no-win situation.

755
00:38:16,990 --> 00:38:19,775
Terrorism in Lebanon
and in this country,

756
00:38:19,819 --> 00:38:22,256
and what, if anything,
can be done about it?

757
00:38:22,300 --> 00:38:25,433
It'’s an embassy in Kuwait,
a department store in London,

758
00:38:25,477 --> 00:38:29,132
and overall the fear that
maybe it could happen here.

759
00:38:29,176 --> 00:38:30,830
Ted Turner has announced
that his company,

760
00:38:30,873 --> 00:38:33,049
Turner Broadcasting System,
is putting up

761
00:38:33,093 --> 00:38:34,877
a half-million dollars
to help finance

762
00:38:34,921 --> 00:38:36,792
television programs
without regard

763
00:38:36,836 --> 00:38:39,142
to national origins or politics.

764
00:38:39,186 --> 00:38:41,362
Turner'’s political beliefs
were questioned.

765
00:38:41,406 --> 00:38:43,843
First of all, I don'’t think
these issues, in my opinion,

766
00:38:43,886 --> 00:38:45,540
these are not right or left

767
00:38:45,584 --> 00:38:47,499
or conservative
or liberal issues.

768
00:38:47,542 --> 00:38:50,937
These are--
issues that affect everyone.

769
00:38:50,980 --> 00:38:54,506
♪ We thank you Lord♪

770
00:38:54,549 --> 00:38:56,377
Civil rights and women'’s groups

771
00:38:56,421 --> 00:38:58,858
rallied over the weekend
in Pickens County, Alabama,

772
00:38:58,901 --> 00:39:01,774
on behalf of two local black  activists who are likely to be

773
00:39:01,817 --> 00:39:04,429
sent to prison today
for voting fraud.

774
00:39:04,472 --> 00:39:06,431
Sixty-nine-year-old
Julia Wilder,

775
00:39:06,474 --> 00:39:08,563
President of the
Pickens Voters League

776
00:39:08,607 --> 00:39:10,478
and fifty-one-year-old
Maggie Bozeman,

777
00:39:10,522 --> 00:39:12,915
President of a local NAACP.

778
00:39:12,959 --> 00:39:15,396
I would not have been
trying to help people

779
00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:17,355
had they been able
to do it for themselves,

780
00:39:17,398 --> 00:39:19,574
but we have a lot
of illiterate people here

781
00:39:19,618 --> 00:39:21,228
that don'’t understand.

782
00:39:21,271 --> 00:39:24,449
And I had been doing absentees
for them for years

783
00:39:24,492 --> 00:39:26,668
and still gonna plan
to do it, you know.

784
00:39:26,712 --> 00:39:29,715
What'’s wrong with the journey
from log cabin to White House

785
00:39:29,758 --> 00:39:32,413
and what'’s wrong withthe journey from peanut planter

786
00:39:32,457 --> 00:39:34,241
to the president
if it is within the law?

787
00:39:34,284 --> 00:39:36,939
The Constitution provides
if you'’re 35 years of age

788
00:39:36,983 --> 00:39:39,072
or older and an American citizen

789
00:39:39,115 --> 00:39:40,769
and you can convince
the American electoral

790
00:39:40,813 --> 00:39:43,859
to vote for you, that is
the Constitutional provision.

791
00:39:43,903 --> 00:39:47,907
Computer technology has expandedat an astonishing rate.

792
00:39:47,950 --> 00:39:51,650
It helps check out your food
and process your income taxes.

793
00:39:51,693 --> 00:39:54,566
♪

794
00:39:54,609 --> 00:39:57,003
Like computer music,
computer art is

795
00:39:57,046 --> 00:39:59,135
just beginning to be explored.

796
00:39:59,179 --> 00:40:00,702
But there are limits.

797
00:40:00,746 --> 00:40:03,313
A computer does not have
a mind of its own.

798
00:40:03,357 --> 00:40:06,447
A computer does not have
a mind of its own.

799
00:40:06,491 --> 00:40:09,494
A computer does not have
a mind of its own.

800
00:40:11,757 --> 00:40:14,194
[indistinct sport announcements]

801
00:40:18,503 --> 00:40:20,200
The day the Macintosh
computer was announced

802
00:40:20,243 --> 00:40:23,029
was a really big deal
for my mother.

803
00:40:23,072 --> 00:40:25,858
I remember her like,  calling me '’round to the house

804
00:40:25,901 --> 00:40:28,469
to watch the commercial
as it was aired.

805
00:40:28,513 --> 00:40:32,342
"I want to see it
and I want you to see it."

806
00:40:32,386 --> 00:40:36,172
Today, we celebrate  the first glorious anniversary

807
00:40:36,216 --> 00:40:39,262
of the Information
Purification Directives.

808
00:40:39,306 --> 00:40:42,527
-We have created--
-Secure from the pests

809
00:40:42,570 --> 00:40:45,791
purveying contradictory truths.

810
00:40:45,834 --> 00:40:48,968
Our unification of thoughts
is more powerful a weapon

811
00:40:49,011 --> 00:40:51,536
than any fleet
or army on Earth.

812
00:40:51,579 --> 00:40:53,799
They shall talk
themselves to death,

813
00:40:53,842 --> 00:40:57,237
and we will bury them
with their own confusion.

814
00:40:57,280 --> 00:41:01,154
We shall prevail.

815
00:41:01,197 --> 00:41:03,765
[exploding]

816
00:41:03,809 --> 00:41:06,420
On January 24th, Apple Computer

817
00:41:06,464 --> 00:41:08,814
will introduce Macintosh.

818
00:41:08,857 --> 00:41:11,207
And you'’ll see why 1984

819
00:41:11,251 --> 00:41:14,776
won'’t be like "1984".

820
00:41:14,820 --> 00:41:17,387
♪

821
00:41:17,431 --> 00:41:19,520
My mother was
a huge fan of technology

822
00:41:19,564 --> 00:41:23,002
as a way of unlocking
people'’s potential.

823
00:41:23,045 --> 00:41:26,048
Now with Wang'’s new  integrated information system,

824
00:41:26,092 --> 00:41:29,530
one person very simply can
perform data processing,

825
00:41:29,574 --> 00:41:31,489
word processing.

826
00:41:31,532 --> 00:41:33,621
Since mid-1970s, she'’d started

827
00:41:33,665 --> 00:41:36,363
collecting VIC-20s
and Commodore 64s.

828
00:41:36,406 --> 00:41:38,670
Who knows what
the future holds.

829
00:41:38,713 --> 00:41:40,541
And she was looking for a type

830
00:41:40,585 --> 00:41:42,412
of computer
that would be easy to use.

831
00:41:42,456 --> 00:41:45,241
And Macintosh is saying,
here is a way to make

832
00:41:45,285 --> 00:41:46,895
personal computers
available to the rest of us.

833
00:41:46,939 --> 00:41:49,332
-We don'’t want to be--  -Apple enhanced human freedom.

834
00:41:49,376 --> 00:41:52,161
Apple enhanced
people'’s creativity.

835
00:41:52,205 --> 00:41:54,773
Apple was her baby.

836
00:41:54,816 --> 00:41:56,470
She had an incredible ability

837
00:41:56,514 --> 00:41:59,560
to recognize shifts
in media and technology,

838
00:41:59,604 --> 00:42:02,563
and she reacted to them.

839
00:42:02,607 --> 00:42:05,610
She became
an evangelist for Apple.

840
00:42:05,653 --> 00:42:08,438
She bought enormous amounts
of their technology.

841
00:42:08,482 --> 00:42:11,920
The first thing she did give mewas an Apple computer.

842
00:42:11,964 --> 00:42:14,619
She was very interested
in us using it

843
00:42:14,662 --> 00:42:16,882
and then coming back
and telling her

844
00:42:16,925 --> 00:42:19,406
what we learned,
or what, you know,

845
00:42:19,449 --> 00:42:21,669
she could learn from it.

846
00:42:21,713 --> 00:42:23,105
She had multiple versions

847
00:42:23,149 --> 00:42:25,586
of every Apple product
ever released.

848
00:42:25,630 --> 00:42:28,110
Well, Ted, Apple Computer
says it expects profit margins

849
00:42:28,154 --> 00:42:30,635
of twenty percent or better
in the coming quarter.

850
00:42:30,678 --> 00:42:32,593
She really urged
the family trust

851
00:42:32,637 --> 00:42:36,249
to invest
in Apple early on.

852
00:42:36,292 --> 00:42:40,819
I think her first purchases
were at about $7 a share.

853
00:42:40,862 --> 00:42:42,603
And she'’d insist
they hold Apple stock

854
00:42:42,647 --> 00:42:45,737
in an unwieldy large,
discreet holding,

855
00:42:45,780 --> 00:42:49,436
and it went up significantly.

856
00:42:49,479 --> 00:42:51,438
It definitely increased
both the family wealth

857
00:42:51,481 --> 00:42:55,050
and her personal wealth.

858
00:42:55,094 --> 00:42:57,879
"Here'’s to the crazy ones,

859
00:42:57,923 --> 00:43:03,058
the misfits, the rebels,
troublemakers,

860
00:43:03,102 --> 00:43:06,279
the round pegs
in the square holes,

861
00:43:06,322 --> 00:43:08,673
the ones who see things
differently."

862
00:43:08,716 --> 00:43:12,241
[applauding]

863
00:43:12,285 --> 00:43:15,636
She was very much
into Steve Jobs.

864
00:43:15,680 --> 00:43:18,552
Mike will often joke
that Steve was her--

865
00:43:18,596 --> 00:43:19,684
one of her other sons

866
00:43:19,727 --> 00:43:22,774
that she had
other than just Michael.

867
00:43:22,817 --> 00:43:24,950
I remember when
Steve Jobs died,

868
00:43:24,993 --> 00:43:26,691
the next time I talked to her
she said, "I'’m surprised you

869
00:43:26,734 --> 00:43:28,780
didn'’t call when Steve died."

870
00:43:28,823 --> 00:43:31,739
And I was like--

871
00:43:31,783 --> 00:43:34,873
She really, really
identified with Steve Jobs

872
00:43:34,916 --> 00:43:36,788
at a very early age,
realizing that he was

873
00:43:36,831 --> 00:43:39,007
a lot more intelligent than
a lot of people around him

874
00:43:39,051 --> 00:43:42,184
and be incredibly hard
on people.

875
00:43:42,228 --> 00:43:46,406
And Steve Jobs'’ story
of being adopted,

876
00:43:46,449 --> 00:43:49,627
those things really resonated
with my mother.

877
00:43:49,670 --> 00:43:53,805
♪

878
00:43:53,848 --> 00:43:56,634
The route that we took
every day was identical.

879
00:43:56,677 --> 00:43:58,853
But on that particular day,

880
00:43:58,897 --> 00:44:01,900
she decided to come home
via Germantown Avenue

881
00:44:01,943 --> 00:44:04,990
and she wanted to go
and see her old home.

882
00:44:05,033 --> 00:44:10,604
♪

883
00:44:10,648 --> 00:44:15,957
We talked about
an extraordinary subject,

884
00:44:16,001 --> 00:44:17,872
and that was her youth.

885
00:44:17,916 --> 00:44:22,529
♪

886
00:44:22,572 --> 00:44:25,314
I discovered her early life

887
00:44:25,358 --> 00:44:28,143
had been very similar to mine.

888
00:44:28,187 --> 00:44:29,928
We were both adopted.

889
00:44:29,971 --> 00:44:36,630
♪

890
00:44:36,674 --> 00:44:39,633
My mother was born
in Philadelphia in 1929

891
00:44:39,677 --> 00:44:42,462
so just after the crash.

892
00:44:42,505 --> 00:44:44,464
She was informally adopted.

893
00:44:44,507 --> 00:44:48,076
Her mother gave her up
ostensibly for economic
reasons.

894
00:44:48,120 --> 00:44:50,688
But I think my mother tracked
her down and found out

895
00:44:50,731 --> 00:44:53,299
that she had raised
subsequent children,

896
00:44:53,342 --> 00:44:55,605
so she felt very
betrayed by that.

897
00:44:55,649 --> 00:44:57,738
♪

898
00:44:57,782 --> 00:44:59,392
She had a very turbulent
childhood, you know,

899
00:44:59,435 --> 00:45:02,743
just being passed
from family to family.

900
00:45:02,787 --> 00:45:05,311
I think that,  that early sense of abandonment

901
00:45:05,354 --> 00:45:08,009
and betrayal really kind of set  a lot of my mother'’s attitudes

902
00:45:08,053 --> 00:45:09,619
toward other people.

903
00:45:09,663 --> 00:45:12,927
♪

904
00:45:12,971 --> 00:45:16,104
Me being a foster child,
we had that in common, too.

905
00:45:16,148 --> 00:45:18,803
♪

906
00:45:18,846 --> 00:45:22,067
Me and Richard,
we were able to accept it

907
00:45:22,110 --> 00:45:25,766
and be more positive about it.

908
00:45:25,810 --> 00:45:28,682
But she still held those,
you know,

909
00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:31,467
hard to her heart
as far as her mother,

910
00:45:31,511 --> 00:45:34,644
and I feel as though
that hindered her life.

911
00:45:34,688 --> 00:45:37,647
It really did.

912
00:45:37,691 --> 00:45:41,042
She had, I think, heightened
and unrealistic standards

913
00:45:41,086 --> 00:45:44,611
for how family should
behave with each other.

914
00:45:46,569 --> 00:45:48,310
[distant cheering]

915
00:45:48,354 --> 00:45:53,272
Three, two, one, and lift off!

916
00:45:53,315 --> 00:45:57,929
Lift off, and it has
cleared the tower.

917
00:45:57,972 --> 00:46:00,975
I think maybe initially
she made efforts.

918
00:46:03,848 --> 00:46:07,765
I mean I would visit some
and she was friendly,

919
00:46:07,808 --> 00:46:10,811
but it definitely felt
like a barrier to my father.

920
00:46:10,855 --> 00:46:14,032
♪

921
00:46:14,075 --> 00:46:18,471
I believe she was seeing it
as competing with her.

922
00:46:18,514 --> 00:46:20,168
They wanted to do
everything together.

923
00:46:20,212 --> 00:46:23,258
Everything had to be together.

924
00:46:23,302 --> 00:46:25,086
I remember her saying,
"Oh, you know,

925
00:46:25,130 --> 00:46:29,264
we probably think of her
as the evil step-mother."

926
00:46:29,308 --> 00:46:33,355
Well, we didn'’t,
but in some ways we did.

927
00:46:33,399 --> 00:46:36,924
There was no sense of sort
of being a family with them,

928
00:46:36,968 --> 00:46:39,840
because we weren'’t allowed totalk about other family members.

929
00:46:39,884 --> 00:46:42,538
That was considered gossip.

930
00:46:42,582 --> 00:46:46,325
Gossip usually affirms
some sort of a norm

931
00:46:46,368 --> 00:46:48,806
that is a complicity
between the two people

932
00:46:48,849 --> 00:46:51,983
that are gossiping
as to the way people should be

933
00:46:52,026 --> 00:46:54,812
and this other person
somehow is different.

934
00:46:54,855 --> 00:46:57,031
And who decides what'’s normal,
and I think maybe

935
00:46:57,075 --> 00:46:59,817
a reexamination
of what is normal is,

936
00:46:59,860 --> 00:47:01,427
is in order at this point,

937
00:47:01,470 --> 00:47:04,169
because what'’s normal
is gonna be what we'’ve, uh,

938
00:47:04,212 --> 00:47:05,431
-been taught or accepted.
-Accepted.

939
00:47:05,474 --> 00:47:07,650
The word dogmatic comes to
mind.

940
00:47:07,694 --> 00:47:11,393
If I would disagree with her,
I'’d get blasted.

941
00:47:11,437 --> 00:47:14,570
And Michael said, basically,
she was like that, too.

942
00:47:14,614 --> 00:47:17,965
♪

943
00:47:18,009 --> 00:47:20,359
My mother was,
as someone who would tape
things

944
00:47:20,402 --> 00:47:23,318
and kept things,
she was absolutely concerned

945
00:47:23,362 --> 00:47:26,408
that everyone agreed
on the accurate details

946
00:47:26,452 --> 00:47:29,934
of what had happened.

947
00:47:29,977 --> 00:47:33,067
We would have a six-hour
argument with her.

948
00:47:33,111 --> 00:47:35,548
I mean, literally six hours.

949
00:47:37,724 --> 00:47:39,857
Obviously,
I found it difficult.

950
00:47:43,730 --> 00:47:46,559
It was a long point of
contention between her and me

951
00:47:46,602 --> 00:47:49,518
about my boringly conventional

952
00:47:49,562 --> 00:47:51,738
intellect compared to her,

953
00:47:51,781 --> 00:47:53,566
which I think
is probably accurate.

954
00:47:53,609 --> 00:47:56,047
♪

955
00:47:56,090 --> 00:47:59,224
What she wanted was bold
thinking, autodidactic,

956
00:47:59,267 --> 00:48:00,834
and really outside
the mainstream.

957
00:48:00,878 --> 00:48:03,271
♪

958
00:48:03,315 --> 00:48:07,362
You know, I just got completely  fed up with being controlled,

959
00:48:07,406 --> 00:48:09,930
being, in a lot of ways,
talked down to.

960
00:48:09,974 --> 00:48:13,194
You know, my mother,
um, really could--

961
00:48:13,238 --> 00:48:15,370
could quite be very cruel
if she thought you weren'’t

962
00:48:15,414 --> 00:48:19,548
kind of intellectually up
to the--up to her standard.

963
00:48:19,592 --> 00:48:22,987
It was kind of like
a two-day argument going on

964
00:48:23,030 --> 00:48:26,207
and I just remember storming
out of a couple of rooms.

965
00:48:26,251 --> 00:48:27,948
And my mother said,  "Well, nice to have known you."

966
00:48:27,992 --> 00:48:30,951
♪

967
00:48:30,995 --> 00:48:33,388
And we just didn'’t
talk a whole lot,

968
00:48:33,432 --> 00:48:37,784
uh, for a long, long, long time.

969
00:48:37,827 --> 00:48:40,613
One of Mr. Reagan'’s nominees
is in trouble in Washington,

970
00:48:40,656 --> 00:48:42,832
in trouble for saying
that the NAACP

971
00:48:42,876 --> 00:48:44,747
is a Pinko organization

972
00:48:44,791 --> 00:48:46,706
and that a white civil rights
attorney from his home state

973
00:48:46,749 --> 00:48:49,230
of Alabama is a disgrace
to his race.

974
00:48:49,274 --> 00:48:51,798
It'’s inconceivable to me
that a person of this attitude

975
00:48:51,841 --> 00:48:54,975
is qualified to be
a U.S. Attorney

976
00:48:55,019 --> 00:48:57,369
let alone a United States
Federal Judge.

977
00:48:57,412 --> 00:48:59,980
Jefferson Beauregard
Sessions III,

978
00:49:00,024 --> 00:49:03,679
he was brought face to face
with things he personally had
said.

979
00:49:03,723 --> 00:49:07,248
For example, that the NAACP
and the Civil Liberty'’s Union

980
00:49:07,292 --> 00:49:09,511
are un-American organizations.

981
00:49:09,555 --> 00:49:12,079
These comments
that you could say, uh,

982
00:49:12,123 --> 00:49:15,169
about a commie organization
or something,

983
00:49:15,213 --> 00:49:16,866
I may have said
something like that.

984
00:49:16,910 --> 00:49:18,868
♪ Made in the U.S.A.♪

985
00:49:18,912 --> 00:49:22,437
Let'’s start the "Family Feud"
the winner takes all.

986
00:49:22,481 --> 00:49:25,266
Thank you!

987
00:49:25,310 --> 00:49:28,966
Two or three years after
that rather intense argument,

988
00:49:29,009 --> 00:49:32,317
I moved out of the country
without telling her.

989
00:49:32,360 --> 00:49:35,146
I was really running.

990
00:49:35,189 --> 00:49:37,670
So, you know, between the two
of us, we just kept it going.

991
00:49:37,713 --> 00:49:40,064
♪

992
00:49:40,107 --> 00:49:42,109
A few months ago,
I told the American people

993
00:49:42,153 --> 00:49:45,069
I did not trade arms
for hostages.

994
00:49:45,112 --> 00:49:48,768
My heart and my best intentionsstill tell me that'’s true,

995
00:49:48,811 --> 00:49:52,032
but the facts and the evidence
tell me it is not.

996
00:49:52,076 --> 00:49:53,207
The devastation.

997
00:49:53,251 --> 00:49:55,340
-It'’s hopeless.
-The despair.

998
00:49:55,383 --> 00:49:58,734
I'’ve never seen men cry
like they have this year.

999
00:49:58,778 --> 00:50:02,564
This is CNN Breaking News.

1000
00:50:02,608 --> 00:50:07,047
Um, because of the...

1001
00:50:07,091 --> 00:50:11,138
the HIV virus that
I have attained, uh,

1002
00:50:11,182 --> 00:50:13,445
I will have to retire
from the Lakers.

1003
00:50:13,488 --> 00:50:16,187
If you feel your proposal  was unfairly denied or ignored

1004
00:50:16,230 --> 00:50:19,755
because you are a woman or
a member of a minority group,

1005
00:50:19,799 --> 00:50:23,063
if so, the state
wants information...

1006
00:50:23,107 --> 00:50:26,762
Live from Iraq with scouts
in the Seven-Six infantry--

1007
00:50:26,806 --> 00:50:28,808
Good morning, America!

1008
00:50:28,851 --> 00:50:31,071
We are owned by larger
and larger companies.

1009
00:50:31,115 --> 00:50:33,247
It doesn'’t make me a radical
to be somewhat concerned

1010
00:50:33,291 --> 00:50:36,990
about white male boardroom viewwill be even more a feature

1011
00:50:37,034 --> 00:50:40,428
of the news gathering
and reporting.

1012
00:50:40,472 --> 00:50:42,996
What story isn'’t being pursued?

1013
00:50:43,040 --> 00:50:44,998
What story isn'’t being covered?

1014
00:50:45,042 --> 00:50:53,528
♪

1015
00:50:53,572 --> 00:50:55,878
Make us a part of your party.

1016
00:50:55,922 --> 00:51:00,057
It is now 1992 Happy New Year!

1017
00:51:00,100 --> 00:51:03,103
Curfew is in effect as
Los Angeles continues to reel

1018
00:51:03,147 --> 00:51:05,932
from violence in the aftermath  of the Rodney King verdicts.

1019
00:51:05,975 --> 00:51:07,673
South Central part
of the city looked like

1020
00:51:07,716 --> 00:51:10,850
-the burning Kuwaiti oil field.  -One footnote to all of this,

1021
00:51:10,893 --> 00:51:12,852
the final episode
of the Cosby Show

1022
00:51:12,895 --> 00:51:14,593
aired tonight in Los Angeles.

1023
00:51:14,636 --> 00:51:18,205
For eight years, the program
held up an ideal of a happy,

1024
00:51:18,249 --> 00:51:20,120
successful black
American family.

1025
00:51:20,164 --> 00:51:29,303
♪ And the victory
of good over evil♪

1026
00:51:29,347 --> 00:51:33,133
♪

1027
00:51:33,177 --> 00:51:36,180
Fight the real enemy.

1028
00:51:36,223 --> 00:51:38,530
In all of this,
William Jefferson Clinton

1029
00:51:38,573 --> 00:51:41,272
has undermined
the integrity of his office

1030
00:51:41,315 --> 00:51:43,361
and has acted in a manner
subversive of the rule--

1031
00:51:43,404 --> 00:51:45,537
We'’re leaving this program
to bring you live coverage

1032
00:51:45,580 --> 00:51:48,235
of President Clinton'’s comments  on military strikes in Iraq.

1033
00:51:48,279 --> 00:51:51,412
On Wednesday,
I ordered our Armed Forces

1034
00:51:51,456 --> 00:51:54,111
to strike military
and strategic targets in Iraq.

1035
00:51:54,154 --> 00:51:59,855
♪

1036
00:51:59,899 --> 00:52:02,336
When we did talk,
it was very, very strained.

1037
00:52:02,380 --> 00:52:05,383
Could have an hour-long phone
conversation with my mother

1038
00:52:05,426 --> 00:52:07,559
during which there
might be fifteen minutes

1039
00:52:07,602 --> 00:52:10,127
of actual talking and the rest  of it was just silence.

1040
00:52:10,170 --> 00:52:15,219
♪

1041
00:52:15,262 --> 00:52:17,960
That is the lunar eclipse
from last night.

1042
00:52:18,004 --> 00:52:20,311
As this century ends,
um, we have seen

1043
00:52:20,354 --> 00:52:24,489
our last lunar eclipse
of the 1900s.

1044
00:52:24,532 --> 00:52:28,623
In Times Square,  eyes are up there on the ball.

1045
00:52:28,667 --> 00:52:30,799
[cheering]

1046
00:52:30,843 --> 00:52:32,801
♪

1047
00:52:32,845 --> 00:52:34,803
Happy New Year!

1048
00:52:34,847 --> 00:52:40,809
♪

1049
00:52:44,422 --> 00:52:46,859
[birds chirping]

1050
00:52:50,819 --> 00:52:53,213
I don'’t remember how long it
had been since I had contact,

1051
00:52:53,257 --> 00:52:54,649
but it was a long time because

1052
00:52:54,693 --> 00:52:56,216
they would not answer
the phone.

1053
00:52:56,260 --> 00:53:00,177
Marion wouldn'’t
or couldn'’t, maybe.

1054
00:53:00,220 --> 00:53:02,179
At one point I asked her,
"Okay, if you don'’t answer

1055
00:53:02,222 --> 00:53:03,832
the phone, how are we supposed
to get in touch?"

1056
00:53:03,876 --> 00:53:06,139
She said,
"Well, you could FedEx us."

1057
00:53:06,183 --> 00:53:07,793
[chuckling]

1058
00:53:07,836 --> 00:53:11,100
♪

1059
00:53:11,144 --> 00:53:13,929
I just decided,
well, why don'’t I just

1060
00:53:13,973 --> 00:53:16,454
wait and see
if I can make contact.

1061
00:53:16,497 --> 00:53:18,891
I just sat in Rittenhouse
Square and waited to see

1062
00:53:18,934 --> 00:53:21,241
if he would come out,
and he did.

1063
00:53:21,285 --> 00:53:25,245
♪

1064
00:53:25,289 --> 00:53:27,595
He would use a little
grocery shop cart,

1065
00:53:27,639 --> 00:53:28,640
almost like a walker.

1066
00:53:28,683 --> 00:53:31,643
He was very stooped over.

1067
00:53:31,686 --> 00:53:34,863
He'’s making his way
up along 18th Street,

1068
00:53:34,907 --> 00:53:37,126
and, I mean,
here I am stalking my dad.

1069
00:53:37,170 --> 00:53:42,175
♪

1070
00:53:42,219 --> 00:53:44,482
So, I thought, "Well,
I guess I better just go up,"

1071
00:53:44,525 --> 00:53:49,269
and I, I did and said,
"Oh, here I am.

1072
00:53:49,313 --> 00:53:52,229
I just happened
to see you here."

1073
00:53:52,272 --> 00:53:54,013
And he seemed very glad
to see me.

1074
00:53:54,056 --> 00:53:55,841
He sat down and said,
"Let'’s talk."

1075
00:53:55,884 --> 00:53:59,671
♪

1076
00:53:59,714 --> 00:54:01,542
The burning question
that I had,

1077
00:54:01,586 --> 00:54:03,283
that really all of us
siblings had,

1078
00:54:03,327 --> 00:54:06,895
was did he not
communicate with us

1079
00:54:06,939 --> 00:54:10,464
because he didn'’t want to,
or was it because of Marion?

1080
00:54:10,508 --> 00:54:12,423
♪

1081
00:54:12,466 --> 00:54:15,339
And he said that his
relationship with Marion

1082
00:54:15,382 --> 00:54:17,993
was the most important thing
in his life

1083
00:54:18,037 --> 00:54:22,302
and that he didn'’t
want to rock the boat.

1084
00:54:22,346 --> 00:54:24,261
I think he actually
used that term.

1085
00:54:24,304 --> 00:54:27,612
And he said, "Don'’t ever tell
Marion that we spoke here."

1086
00:54:27,655 --> 00:54:30,702
♪

1087
00:54:30,745 --> 00:54:32,921
I'’ve considered him
something of a wimp.

1088
00:54:32,965 --> 00:54:35,707
♪

1089
00:54:35,750 --> 00:54:37,752
I mean, I have
a clear visual memory

1090
00:54:37,796 --> 00:54:40,799
of him walking,

1091
00:54:40,842 --> 00:54:43,192
crossing the street,
and going back into

1092
00:54:43,236 --> 00:54:46,413
the Barclay apartment building

1093
00:54:46,457 --> 00:54:48,067
and not turning around.

1094
00:54:48,110 --> 00:54:53,420
♪

1095
00:54:53,464 --> 00:54:54,813
There'’s, perhaps, 20 years

1096
00:54:54,856 --> 00:54:57,163
that they were isolated
in that house.

1097
00:54:57,206 --> 00:55:00,645
♪

1098
00:55:00,688 --> 00:55:03,256
Sometimes I'’d get down there
in the morning.

1099
00:55:03,300 --> 00:55:05,824
They were there theirselves,
sitting in their chairs

1100
00:55:05,867 --> 00:55:09,915
amidst all these books
and magazines and stuff.

1101
00:55:09,958 --> 00:55:12,004
And if I would come in
or whatever, you know,

1102
00:55:12,047 --> 00:55:15,747
their chairs were side by side
and they'’d be holding hands.

1103
00:55:15,790 --> 00:55:19,403
The way they treated each otherwas just amazing.

1104
00:55:19,446 --> 00:55:22,580
♪

1105
00:55:22,623 --> 00:55:26,758
They told me
they were soulmates.

1106
00:55:26,801 --> 00:55:30,414
I think at that point in her
life she had ousted everyone.

1107
00:55:30,457 --> 00:55:33,765
She was content
with just her and John.

1108
00:55:33,808 --> 00:55:37,943
And he sacrificed himself
for her.

1109
00:55:37,986 --> 00:55:39,858
You know, I believe that

1110
00:55:39,901 --> 00:55:41,642
he didn'’t agree
with everything,

1111
00:55:41,686 --> 00:55:45,733
but he humbled himself
to allow her to be herself.

1112
00:55:45,777 --> 00:55:47,518
♪

1113
00:55:47,561 --> 00:55:52,087
John was taken in
by Ms. Stokes'’ knowledge.

1114
00:55:52,131 --> 00:55:55,264
She said, "People can'’t take
knowledge from you."

1115
00:55:55,308 --> 00:55:57,702
So she pretty much
felt that though--

1116
00:55:57,745 --> 00:56:01,314
the fact that she was
knowledgeable is what kept her

1117
00:56:01,358 --> 00:56:04,056
in the family, in John'’s heart.

1118
00:56:04,099 --> 00:56:08,626
♪

1119
00:56:13,413 --> 00:56:16,242
Would you like to lower  your monthly mortgage payments

1120
00:56:16,285 --> 00:56:19,201
or use the equity in your home  to consolidate your credit card

1121
00:56:19,245 --> 00:56:20,986
or other debts, just log on--

1122
00:56:21,029 --> 00:56:23,423
-Number two?
-Yeah.

1123
00:56:23,467 --> 00:56:25,120
This just in,
you are looking at,

1124
00:56:25,164 --> 00:56:27,427
obviously a very disturbing
live shot there.

1125
00:56:27,471 --> 00:56:30,387
That is the World Trade Center  and we have unconfirmed reports

1126
00:56:30,430 --> 00:56:32,867
this morning that
a plane has crashed

1127
00:56:32,911 --> 00:56:36,218
into one of the towers
of the World Trade Center.

1128
00:56:36,262 --> 00:56:39,439
CNN Center right now is just
beginning to work on this
story,

1129
00:56:39,483 --> 00:56:41,441
obviously calling our sources
and trying to figure out

1130
00:56:41,485 --> 00:56:44,531
exactly what happened,
but clearly something

1131
00:56:44,575 --> 00:56:47,273
relatively devastating
happening this morning there

1132
00:56:47,316 --> 00:56:50,145
on the south end
of the island of Manhattan.

1133
00:56:50,189 --> 00:56:53,453
That is, once again,  a picture of one of the towers

1134
00:56:53,497 --> 00:56:55,934
of the World Trade Center.

1135
00:56:55,977 --> 00:56:58,763
We can see these pictures,
it'’s obviously, uh,

1136
00:56:58,806 --> 00:57:00,982
something devastating
has happened, and, again,

1137
00:57:01,026 --> 00:57:03,942
unconfirmed report that
a plane has crashed into one

1138
00:57:03,985 --> 00:57:06,510
of the towers there, we are
efforting more information

1139
00:57:06,553 --> 00:57:10,427
on this subject as it
becomes available to you.

1140
00:57:10,470 --> 00:57:12,167
Right now we'’ve
got Sean Murtagh.

1141
00:57:12,211 --> 00:57:14,343
He is a CNN producer
on the telephone right now.

1142
00:57:14,387 --> 00:57:16,128
Sean, what can you tell us
about what you know?

1143
00:57:16,171 --> 00:57:18,086
This is, uh, Sean Murtagh,
I just was, uh, standing

1144
00:57:18,130 --> 00:57:22,351
on the, uh, vice president
of finance,

1145
00:57:22,395 --> 00:57:24,876
the vice president
of finance for CNN--

1146
00:57:24,919 --> 00:57:29,010
If every Capitol Hill scandal
merits weeks of coverage,

1147
00:57:29,054 --> 00:57:30,359
how much attention do

1148
00:57:30,403 --> 00:57:32,927
two-and-a-half million
dead merit?

1149
00:57:32,971 --> 00:57:35,669
It'’s a story we should
have brought you long ago.

1150
00:57:35,713 --> 00:57:38,324
This week, on Nightline
we'’d like to make up for that

1151
00:57:38,367 --> 00:57:40,718
by finally telling you
about the beauty

1152
00:57:40,761 --> 00:57:43,111
and the tragedy of Congo.

1153
00:57:43,155 --> 00:57:46,941
Three years,
two-and-a-half million dead.

1154
00:57:46,985 --> 00:57:48,465
We thought you should know.

1155
00:57:48,508 --> 00:57:50,336
One of the World
Trade Center towers.

1156
00:57:50,379 --> 00:57:52,860
Sean, what kind of plane,
was it a small plane, a jet?

1157
00:57:52,904 --> 00:57:55,167
It was, uh, it was a jet,
uh, it looked like--

1158
00:57:55,210 --> 00:57:56,777
We want to tell you
what we know,

1159
00:57:56,821 --> 00:57:58,997
as we know it,
but we just got a report in

1160
00:57:59,040 --> 00:58:00,999
that there'’s been
some sort of explosion

1161
00:58:01,042 --> 00:58:05,612
at the World Trade Center
in New York City.

1162
00:58:05,656 --> 00:58:08,397
One report said, and we can'’t
confirm any of this,

1163
00:58:08,441 --> 00:58:11,357
that a plane may have
hit one of the two towers

1164
00:58:11,400 --> 00:58:13,315
of the World Trade Center,
but again,

1165
00:58:13,359 --> 00:58:15,579
you'’re seeing
the live pictures here.

1166
00:58:15,622 --> 00:58:17,494
We have no further
details then that.

1167
00:58:17,537 --> 00:58:20,888
We don'’t know anything  about what they have concluded

1168
00:58:20,932 --> 00:58:24,196
happened there this morning,
but we'’re going to find out

1169
00:58:24,239 --> 00:58:26,981
and, of course, make sure
that everybody knows on the--

1170
00:58:27,025 --> 00:58:29,680
These are of course, the two
twin Trade Center buildings

1171
00:58:29,723 --> 00:58:31,377
that are down
at the foot of Manhattan.

1172
00:58:31,420 --> 00:58:34,467
That they really are
the beacons of New York.

1173
00:58:34,511 --> 00:58:36,251
It was there that
there was the explosion

1174
00:58:36,295 --> 00:58:39,211
a couple of years ago
brought about by terrorists.

1175
00:58:39,254 --> 00:58:41,300
That'’s all gone through
the courts, but this,

1176
00:58:41,343 --> 00:58:43,128
we don'’t know anything about.

1177
00:58:43,171 --> 00:58:44,869
We don'’t know about anything
that has happened here

1178
00:58:44,912 --> 00:58:46,435
other than the fact
that there'’s obviously been

1179
00:58:46,479 --> 00:58:48,002
a major incident there,
we'’re going to go to

1180
00:58:48,046 --> 00:58:49,917
a Special Report
now from ABC News.

1181
00:58:49,961 --> 00:58:51,832
Any debris that has hit down
there, or can you see any--

1182
00:58:51,876 --> 00:58:53,747
My vantage point is too far
from the World Trade Center

1183
00:58:53,791 --> 00:58:56,402
to make any, uh,
determination of that.

1184
00:58:56,445 --> 00:58:58,752
Do you see any smoke,
any flames coming out

1185
00:58:58,796 --> 00:59:00,885
of the engines of that plane?

1186
00:59:00,928 --> 00:59:04,062
This is an ABC News
Special Report.

1187
00:59:04,105 --> 00:59:07,326
Was, uh, coming in low
and the--

1188
00:59:07,369 --> 00:59:09,589
The entire ABC Network,
Good Morning America

1189
00:59:09,633 --> 00:59:11,199
was in progress,
East Coast and the Midwest,

1190
00:59:11,243 --> 00:59:12,940
we will be joined
by the entire network

1191
00:59:12,984 --> 00:59:15,508
just to show you some
pictures of the--

1192
00:59:15,552 --> 00:59:18,642
I can see flames now coming out  the side of the building and--

1193
00:59:20,992 --> 00:59:23,603
It'’s 8:52 here in New York,
I'’m Bryant Gumbel.

1194
00:59:23,647 --> 00:59:25,823
We understand that there has
been a plane crash on the,

1195
00:59:25,866 --> 00:59:28,303
uh, southern tip of Manhattan.

1196
00:59:28,347 --> 00:59:32,090
Live from New York City,
apparently a plane

1197
00:59:32,133 --> 00:59:35,006
has crashed into the World
Trade Center in New York.

1198
00:59:35,049 --> 00:59:37,965
8:52, we have limited
information at this point.

1199
00:59:38,009 --> 00:59:39,880
We don'’t know about injuries,

1200
00:59:39,924 --> 00:59:42,361
uh, in the building
or people on the ground,

1201
00:59:42,404 --> 00:59:44,493
-but obviously, this has...
-There.

1202
00:59:44,537 --> 00:59:47,409
It does not appear that
there'’s any kind of a--

1203
00:59:47,453 --> 00:59:49,063
an effort up there yet,
now remember--

1204
00:59:49,107 --> 00:59:50,717
-Oh, my God!
-Oh God!

1205
00:59:50,761 --> 00:59:52,327
Oh my God.

1206
00:59:58,812 --> 01:00:00,205
I can hear you.

1207
01:00:00,248 --> 01:00:03,425
The rest of the world hears you,and the people--

1208
01:00:03,469 --> 01:00:05,906
[applauding]

1209
01:00:05,950 --> 01:00:07,691
[cheering]

1210
01:00:07,734 --> 01:00:10,345
We didn'’t have contact
for many years.

1211
01:00:10,389 --> 01:00:13,914
But a month after 9/11
happened,

1212
01:00:13,958 --> 01:00:15,437
I had written a note saying,
you know,

1213
01:00:15,481 --> 01:00:17,091
"If there'’s anything
you need any help with,

1214
01:00:17,135 --> 01:00:20,225
I'’d be happy to help you."

1215
01:00:20,268 --> 01:00:21,487
Marion said,
"There are some things

1216
01:00:21,530 --> 01:00:23,576
we could use some help with."

1217
01:00:23,620 --> 01:00:28,015
And what it was they needed helpwith was labeling videotapes.

1218
01:00:28,059 --> 01:00:29,669
There was a wall of tapes

1219
01:00:29,713 --> 01:00:32,019
and there were little stickies  on them.

1220
01:00:32,063 --> 01:00:34,892
CNN, a certain date and time,

1221
01:00:34,935 --> 01:00:38,112
and they wanted actual
labels put on them.

1222
01:00:38,156 --> 01:00:40,375
[indistinct chatter]

1223
01:00:40,419 --> 01:00:43,422
It just seems that she was more  concerned about not losing

1224
01:00:43,465 --> 01:00:47,600
any information about what
was happening in the world.

1225
01:00:47,644 --> 01:00:52,300
But that seemed to get in
the way of having real contact

1226
01:00:52,344 --> 01:00:55,956
or information about,
um, her family.

1227
01:00:58,916 --> 01:01:02,789
She collected between forty
and fifty thousand books.

1228
01:01:02,833 --> 01:01:04,269
She would buy them
at every opportunity.

1229
01:01:04,312 --> 01:01:08,316
She voraciously read them.

1230
01:01:08,360 --> 01:01:13,539
I think she said she had
nine apartments or homes.

1231
01:01:13,582 --> 01:01:15,541
We were like packed
to the gills.

1232
01:01:18,762 --> 01:01:20,328
She was a hoarder.

1233
01:01:20,372 --> 01:01:22,156
You know,
she hoarded everything.

1234
01:01:22,200 --> 01:01:24,942
You know, she got obsessed
with the syrup containers

1235
01:01:24,985 --> 01:01:26,639
that you get in diners,

1236
01:01:26,683 --> 01:01:30,599
so we found like 50
of them or something.

1237
01:01:30,643 --> 01:01:32,819
We weren'’t allowed
to throw anything out.

1238
01:01:32,863 --> 01:01:35,996
We kept them in bags,
we called them burn bags

1239
01:01:36,040 --> 01:01:38,564
and we would stick '’em
throughout the apartments.

1240
01:01:38,607 --> 01:01:42,089
She got different books
that said, "My life is a mess"

1241
01:01:42,133 --> 01:01:45,440
and different ones about
how intelligent people

1242
01:01:45,484 --> 01:01:48,443
are hoarders and, you know,

1243
01:01:48,487 --> 01:01:51,272
live in disarray, you might say.

1244
01:01:51,316 --> 01:01:53,405
[applauding]

1245
01:01:53,448 --> 01:01:55,146
Hi, everybody.

1246
01:01:55,189 --> 01:01:59,063
What do you think we would find  if we went to your house

1247
01:01:59,106 --> 01:02:02,370
with our television cameras
and looked into your closet?

1248
01:02:02,414 --> 01:02:05,156
-A mess, probably.
-And she would buy stuff.

1249
01:02:05,199 --> 01:02:07,462
And I would say, "Marion, where  do you want me to put it?"

1250
01:02:07,506 --> 01:02:11,118
And she would say, "Make room."

1251
01:02:11,162 --> 01:02:13,686
It was almost like Marion'’s
brain, these apartment rooms,

1252
01:02:13,730 --> 01:02:17,385
and she knew where
she would store stuff.

1253
01:02:17,429 --> 01:02:20,606
Having all these magazines  and books piled up around her,

1254
01:02:20,649 --> 01:02:25,306
and tapes, and just walking
through these little pathways

1255
01:02:25,350 --> 01:02:27,482
was who she was.

1256
01:02:27,526 --> 01:02:31,225
If you took away everything,

1257
01:02:31,269 --> 01:02:33,619
you would take away Marion.

1258
01:02:33,662 --> 01:02:35,882
[applauding]

1259
01:02:35,926 --> 01:02:39,146
We'’re taking video tours
through shopaholics'’ closets

1260
01:02:39,190 --> 01:02:41,845
just to see what exactly
they had hidden away.

1261
01:02:41,888 --> 01:02:42,933
Here'’s one of our viewers.

1262
01:02:42,976 --> 01:02:45,762
This one I love,

1263
01:02:45,805 --> 01:02:48,982
and as soon as I get
some place to wear it.

1264
01:02:49,026 --> 01:02:51,289
This makes a statement.

1265
01:02:51,332 --> 01:02:53,204
The difference between
a hoarder and a collector

1266
01:02:53,247 --> 01:02:55,380
is what value someone else

1267
01:02:55,423 --> 01:02:57,948
finds in what they'’ve got.

1268
01:02:57,991 --> 01:03:00,341
So if people come
to a house and it--

1269
01:03:00,385 --> 01:03:03,954
they think it'’s a pile of junk,then this person'’s a hoarder.

1270
01:03:03,997 --> 01:03:05,738
If they think, "Oh my God,no one'’s ever kept this before?"

1271
01:03:05,782 --> 01:03:07,305
Then suddenly,
they'’re a collector.

1272
01:03:07,348 --> 01:03:09,568
Well, you rarely see them
in this good a shape.

1273
01:03:09,611 --> 01:03:11,526
For example,
the fingers are perfect.

1274
01:03:11,570 --> 01:03:13,790
The bird is in mint condition.

1275
01:03:13,833 --> 01:03:17,141
I'’d say, if this were to go to
auction today, conservatively,

1276
01:03:17,184 --> 01:03:20,492
it would be worth
two in the bush.

1277
01:03:20,535 --> 01:03:23,147
-Really?
-It'’s just beautiful.

1278
01:03:23,190 --> 01:03:26,759
Thank you so much
for bringing it in.

1279
01:03:26,803 --> 01:03:30,371
When you have a institution
like a museum or a university

1280
01:03:30,415 --> 01:03:32,939
and they begin to collect,
you don'’t tend to question

1281
01:03:32,983 --> 01:03:34,680
why they'’re doing it.

1282
01:03:34,723 --> 01:03:37,422
There must be
a rational reason.

1283
01:03:37,465 --> 01:03:40,947
But when you'’re one lone  person, and especially a woman,

1284
01:03:40,991 --> 01:03:45,082
then you'’re considered
to be an outlier.

1285
01:03:45,125 --> 01:03:47,867
We shouldn'’t ascribe
rationality to those in power

1286
01:03:47,911 --> 01:03:50,696
and irrationality
to those without it.

1287
01:03:50,739 --> 01:03:54,178
♪

1288
01:03:56,093 --> 01:03:58,835
In her mind,  there was a purpose to it all.

1289
01:03:58,878 --> 01:04:01,402
She was always
looking into the future.

1290
01:04:01,446 --> 01:04:03,883
All news had to be kept

1291
01:04:03,927 --> 01:04:06,712
and for history, for prosperity.

1292
01:04:06,755 --> 01:04:09,062
We know who shot Trayvon.

1293
01:04:09,106 --> 01:04:11,848
When something was important,
she would want me to sit

1294
01:04:11,891 --> 01:04:15,155
and watch it with her,
like Trayvon Martin.

1295
01:04:15,199 --> 01:04:17,984
A neighborhood watch volunteer
told Sanford, Florida police

1296
01:04:18,028 --> 01:04:19,768
that he was acting
in self-defense.

1297
01:04:19,812 --> 01:04:20,944
I don'’t know what his deal is.

1298
01:04:20,987 --> 01:04:22,902
-Are you following him?
-Yeah.

1299
01:04:22,946 --> 01:04:26,471
Okay, we don'’t need you
to do that.

1300
01:04:26,514 --> 01:04:28,386
She wanted to, like, compare

1301
01:04:28,429 --> 01:04:31,041
the way the news
is put out there

1302
01:04:31,084 --> 01:04:34,871
and how we,
as a community takes it in.

1303
01:04:34,914 --> 01:04:38,439
We are going to demand
equal justice under the law.

1304
01:04:38,483 --> 01:04:41,921
We are going to declare
poor people'’s independence

1305
01:04:41,965 --> 01:04:44,445
-in this country.
-That'’s all right.

1306
01:04:44,489 --> 01:04:49,059
Let the world pray,
but it'’ll be sorry.

1307
01:04:49,102 --> 01:04:51,496
A black insurance man
whose slaying

1308
01:04:51,539 --> 01:04:53,759
fell in the hands of policemen

1309
01:04:53,802 --> 01:04:56,631
gave new fervor
to their outcries

1310
01:04:56,675 --> 01:04:58,938
against police brutality.

1311
01:04:58,982 --> 01:05:00,635
We want them to keep seeing it,if they keep seeing it,

1312
01:05:00,679 --> 01:05:02,942
they might do something about itso it don'’t happen again.

1313
01:05:02,986 --> 01:05:05,814
From Washington, Ted Koppel.

1314
01:05:05,858 --> 01:05:09,296
The group calls itself MOVE,
M-O-V-E.

1315
01:05:09,340 --> 01:05:11,385
Its membership
is predominantly black,

1316
01:05:11,429 --> 01:05:14,301
and while it describes itself
as a back-to-nature movement,

1317
01:05:14,345 --> 01:05:17,391
that may be an overly benign
description of a group

1318
01:05:17,435 --> 01:05:19,089
that has terrorized
its neighbors

1319
01:05:19,132 --> 01:05:21,961
and has a history of violence.

1320
01:05:22,005 --> 01:05:23,876
I presume somewhere
in that archive

1321
01:05:23,920 --> 01:05:26,444
you could pull out
a sub-archive

1322
01:05:26,487 --> 01:05:29,360
of racially motivated
police brutality.

1323
01:05:29,403 --> 01:05:30,970
Members of a radical group--

1324
01:05:31,014 --> 01:05:34,234
Going back and watching
in detail

1325
01:05:34,278 --> 01:05:35,932
how those stories get told,

1326
01:05:35,975 --> 01:05:38,543
what sort of justifications
are offered,

1327
01:05:38,586 --> 01:05:42,112
what sort of unanswered
questions remain.

1328
01:05:42,155 --> 01:05:44,592
Police dropped a percussion
bomb onto this house

1329
01:05:44,636 --> 01:05:46,464
trying to flush out members
of a radical

1330
01:05:46,507 --> 01:05:48,292
back-to-the-earth group
known as MOVE.

1331
01:05:48,335 --> 01:05:50,468
Last night,
inside the headquarters

1332
01:05:50,511 --> 01:05:52,426
of the radical group known
as MOVE--

1333
01:05:52,470 --> 01:05:55,516
Heavily armed members of
a radical group known as MOVE.

1334
01:05:55,560 --> 01:05:59,085
Martin Luther King said
that because of television,

1335
01:05:59,129 --> 01:06:02,436
it was going to be hard
to maintain racism

1336
01:06:02,480 --> 01:06:05,048
because television
would show all.

1337
01:06:05,091 --> 01:06:07,006
If you had things
like Rodney King,

1338
01:06:07,050 --> 01:06:11,663
then how could you not
reform racism in the country?

1339
01:06:11,706 --> 01:06:13,012
They can get it on videotape

1340
01:06:13,056 --> 01:06:15,449
and we still can'’t get
a conviction.

1341
01:06:15,493 --> 01:06:18,887
Well, what happens to the policewhen they break the law?

1342
01:06:18,931 --> 01:06:21,716
That question'’s back again
because of Monday'’s beating

1343
01:06:21,760 --> 01:06:23,588
of two people
by sheriff'’s deputies

1344
01:06:23,631 --> 01:06:26,025
from Riverside County,
California.

1345
01:06:26,069 --> 01:06:28,158
Granted the video
doesn'’t tell you everything,

1346
01:06:28,201 --> 01:06:30,073
but it sure looks like
the deputies

1347
01:06:30,116 --> 01:06:33,467
were using excessive force,
and it sure looks like

1348
01:06:33,511 --> 01:06:36,035
the Rodney King beating
all over again.

1349
01:06:36,079 --> 01:06:38,429
But isn'’t it a stretch
to try to use

1350
01:06:38,472 --> 01:06:41,910
this horrible incident
as part of your, uh,

1351
01:06:41,954 --> 01:06:45,131
your, uh, attemptto justify illegal immigration?

1352
01:06:45,175 --> 01:06:46,872
We are more apt
to be the victims

1353
01:06:46,915 --> 01:06:49,483
of police brutality
than any other group.

1354
01:06:49,527 --> 01:06:52,834
Police use of deadly force
against Hispanics

1355
01:06:52,878 --> 01:06:54,706
has been
a very significant problem.

1356
01:06:54,749 --> 01:06:56,882
A few weeks ago
in South Carolina,

1357
01:06:56,925 --> 01:07:00,059
where a state trooper
in an unmarked car

1358
01:07:00,103 --> 01:07:03,889
took a woman who was speeding,
manhandled her,

1359
01:07:03,932 --> 01:07:06,892
threw her on her back,
uh, gave her bodily injury,

1360
01:07:06,935 --> 01:07:10,374
and she was as white
as the driven snow.

1361
01:07:10,417 --> 01:07:12,593
♪

1362
01:07:12,637 --> 01:07:14,247
Bill, I made
an embarrassing mistake.

1363
01:07:14,291 --> 01:07:16,597
The woman who was manhandledin South Carolina was not white.

1364
01:07:16,641 --> 01:07:18,947
She was black, I saw the thingsabout a half a dozen times.

1365
01:07:18,991 --> 01:07:21,254
It just shows
how colorblind I am.

1366
01:07:21,298 --> 01:07:22,864
"Not Guilty,"
that was the headline

1367
01:07:22,908 --> 01:07:24,083
across the country today.

1368
01:07:24,127 --> 01:07:25,824
Three New York
police detectives,

1369
01:07:25,867 --> 01:07:29,175
50 bullets, and an unarmed
23-year-old shot to death

1370
01:07:29,219 --> 01:07:31,525
just hours before
the man was to be married.

1371
01:07:31,569 --> 01:07:33,049
Time and time again,

1372
01:07:33,092 --> 01:07:36,574
these cases are cases of black,blue, and white.

1373
01:07:36,617 --> 01:07:39,098
Black is the race
of the people who are dead.

1374
01:07:39,142 --> 01:07:42,188
Blue is the uniform who kill
them, and white is the race

1375
01:07:42,232 --> 01:07:44,973
of the people
that let those killers go.

1376
01:07:45,017 --> 01:07:47,846
But see, but that
is the sort of race baiting.

1377
01:07:47,889 --> 01:07:49,587
This is--there are two police officers--

1378
01:07:49,630 --> 01:07:51,719
-That happens to be true.
-There were five people here.

1379
01:07:51,763 --> 01:07:54,070
Five police officers, two
of them were African American.

1380
01:07:54,113 --> 01:07:57,856
We went into a little bit
of history'’s web of violence.

1381
01:07:57,899 --> 01:08:00,250
And I just wonder and if
this is related in any way

1382
01:08:00,293 --> 01:08:02,817
to the whole acceptance
of violence

1383
01:08:02,861 --> 01:08:06,778
and killing
as an everyday thing.

1384
01:08:06,821 --> 01:08:10,738
Those in power are able
to write their own history,

1385
01:08:10,782 --> 01:08:13,132
uh, from their own bias.

1386
01:08:13,176 --> 01:08:16,179
And, I think an extension
of that certainly would be

1387
01:08:16,222 --> 01:08:18,746
our discussion today
of violence, which we may

1388
01:08:18,790 --> 01:08:22,533
not call violence, but which
is a large-scale violation

1389
01:08:22,576 --> 01:08:24,970
of the human being potential

1390
01:08:25,013 --> 01:08:28,539
and uh, total humanity
and dignity.

1391
01:08:28,582 --> 01:08:30,236
She felt, until the end,

1392
01:08:30,280 --> 01:08:33,935
that her work
was supremely important,

1393
01:08:33,979 --> 01:08:36,938
and she shared
that commitment with John.

1394
01:08:36,982 --> 01:08:39,811
How can those whoare committed to human potential

1395
01:08:39,854 --> 01:08:43,162
for a cooperative
and constructive society,

1396
01:08:43,206 --> 01:08:46,296
how can such persons
make a breakthrough?

1397
01:08:46,339 --> 01:08:48,602
How can we get out
of the web of violence

1398
01:08:48,646 --> 01:08:52,650
and break through and help
others break through to a, uh,

1399
01:08:52,693 --> 01:08:55,957
more peaceful and cooperative
type of society?

1400
01:08:56,001 --> 01:09:04,052
♪

1401
01:09:04,096 --> 01:09:06,577
I remember Marion calling me
like three

1402
01:09:06,620 --> 01:09:08,796
or four o'’clock
in the morning and saying,

1403
01:09:08,840 --> 01:09:11,538
"Frank, we have to go to
the hospital right away,

1404
01:09:11,582 --> 01:09:14,193
there'’s a problem with John."

1405
01:09:14,237 --> 01:09:16,456
And when we got up there,
he was gone.

1406
01:09:16,500 --> 01:09:21,809
♪

1407
01:09:21,853 --> 01:09:24,769
It was very clear that
she fundamentally changed

1408
01:09:24,812 --> 01:09:28,120
as a person though afterwards.

1409
01:09:28,164 --> 01:09:31,515
John was her friend,
as well as her husband.

1410
01:09:31,558 --> 01:09:36,128
♪

1411
01:09:36,172 --> 01:09:40,132
She became much quieter,
more passive in many ways.

1412
01:09:40,176 --> 01:09:44,571
A lot of her energy drained
after his death.

1413
01:09:44,615 --> 01:09:49,272
She just would cry sometimes.

1414
01:09:49,315 --> 01:09:53,276
♪

1415
01:09:53,319 --> 01:09:55,974
During the period
after his death,

1416
01:09:56,017 --> 01:09:58,890
she decided
to go to Channel Ten

1417
01:09:58,933 --> 01:10:01,936
to look at some
of her old TV show.

1418
01:10:01,980 --> 01:10:03,373
If we don'’t get
into the situation

1419
01:10:03,416 --> 01:10:04,896
where a majority
of white people...

1420
01:10:04,939 --> 01:10:09,509
Of course,
industry had passed her by

1421
01:10:09,553 --> 01:10:12,425
and the tapes were
no longer viewable

1422
01:10:12,469 --> 01:10:14,949
because they no longer had thekind of equipment to show them.

1423
01:10:14,993 --> 01:10:17,213
You know, we'’re not gonna take
these arbitrary norms--

1424
01:10:17,256 --> 01:10:19,432
I think it took away
a part of her life

1425
01:10:19,476 --> 01:10:21,042
that she wanted to relive.

1426
01:10:21,086 --> 01:10:24,002
We'’re gonna recognize
this diversity of persons.

1427
01:10:24,045 --> 01:10:26,047
Each is legitimately human

1428
01:10:26,091 --> 01:10:28,789
and should in the total dialogueof society

1429
01:10:28,833 --> 01:10:31,314
for the enrichment of all,
should be recognized...

1430
01:10:31,357 --> 01:10:33,446
I see a snowflake
on top of Seven Hills.

1431
01:10:33,490 --> 01:10:36,188
♪

1432
01:10:36,232 --> 01:10:39,235
One after eight this morning,
drugs, sex, and rock '’n roll.

1433
01:10:39,278 --> 01:10:41,498
They'’re the terms
that define the '’60s.

1434
01:10:41,541 --> 01:10:43,500
The problem is some say
our memories of that time

1435
01:10:43,543 --> 01:10:46,633
often preserve the pleasure
and forget the pain.

1436
01:10:46,677 --> 01:10:51,159
♪ Everything, turn, turn, turn♪

1437
01:10:51,203 --> 01:10:53,292
Were the '’60s a special time
or are they merely

1438
01:10:53,336 --> 01:10:55,338
the obsession of
the Baby Boom generation,

1439
01:10:55,381 --> 01:10:57,470
the generation that can'’t
put their youth behind them?

1440
01:10:57,514 --> 01:11:00,604
Bruce Elliott is president of
the Anti-Nostalgia Association

1441
01:11:00,647 --> 01:11:03,346
for the Advancement of Time,
a group that believes

1442
01:11:03,389 --> 01:11:05,609
America is too preoccupied
with the past.

1443
01:11:05,652 --> 01:11:07,785
In what sense,
too preoccupied with the past?

1444
01:11:07,828 --> 01:11:10,483
Well, in the sense thatso much of contemporary culture

1445
01:11:10,527 --> 01:11:13,747
is really devoted to
regurgitating the past.

1446
01:11:13,791 --> 01:11:16,707
So it starts to obscure
our vision of the future.

1447
01:11:16,750 --> 01:11:18,230
What do you think
of what Bruce just said?

1448
01:11:18,274 --> 01:11:20,276
That if we'’re preoccupied
with that decade,

1449
01:11:20,319 --> 01:11:22,539
we can'’t look ahead
to the next one?

1450
01:11:22,582 --> 01:11:24,323
Well, you know,
it'’s on a continuum.

1451
01:11:24,367 --> 01:11:27,108
You can understandthe racism today when you see--

1452
01:11:27,152 --> 01:11:29,328
understand what happened with
the civil rights demonstration

1453
01:11:29,372 --> 01:11:32,375
in the '’60s, uh,
it'’s on a continuum.

1454
01:11:32,418 --> 01:11:35,682
♪

1455
01:11:35,726 --> 01:11:39,120
The road ahead will be long.

1456
01:11:39,164 --> 01:11:41,601
Our climb will be steep.

1457
01:11:41,645 --> 01:11:45,518
We may not get there in one yearor even in one term.

1458
01:11:45,562 --> 01:11:48,478
But America,
I have never been more hopeful

1459
01:11:48,521 --> 01:11:51,307
than I am tonight
that we will get there.

1460
01:11:51,350 --> 01:11:54,919
I promise you,
we as a people will get there.

1461
01:11:54,962 --> 01:11:56,834
[cheering]

1462
01:11:56,877 --> 01:12:01,186
Nothing ever in our lifetimes
did we expect this to happen.

1463
01:12:01,229 --> 01:12:03,319
I--something big just happened.

1464
01:12:03,362 --> 01:12:08,585
It feels like, um, it feels
like anything is now possible.

1465
01:12:08,628 --> 01:12:12,893
Yes we can, yes we can,
yes we can, yes we can!

1466
01:12:12,937 --> 01:12:15,983
[audience cheering]

1467
01:12:16,027 --> 01:12:18,377
Mrs. Stokes was always
a futuristic person.

1468
01:12:18,421 --> 01:12:21,380
She was always
looking into the future.

1469
01:12:21,424 --> 01:12:23,513
She was absolutely determined

1470
01:12:23,556 --> 01:12:27,038
that the next generation
would be better.

1471
01:12:27,081 --> 01:12:30,302
♪

1472
01:12:34,828 --> 01:12:38,789
♪

1473
01:12:38,832 --> 01:12:41,139
Richard would say,
"Where would you like to go?"

1474
01:12:41,182 --> 01:12:42,793
And she would look over
at me, say,

1475
01:12:42,836 --> 01:12:45,099
"Frank, where do you think
we should go today?"

1476
01:12:45,143 --> 01:12:47,363
Sometimes she would just want
to go out and ride.

1477
01:12:47,406 --> 01:12:49,408
♪

1478
01:12:49,452 --> 01:12:51,845
And then she might
just look out the window

1479
01:12:51,889 --> 01:12:55,109
and once she got her iPhone,
she liked to take pictures.

1480
01:12:55,153 --> 01:12:58,809
♪

1481
01:12:58,852 --> 01:13:00,811
When we first got
into the restaurant,

1482
01:13:00,854 --> 01:13:03,814
she would always say,"Don'’t just order what you like,

1483
01:13:03,857 --> 01:13:05,729
order--"
and I'’m not into, you know,

1484
01:13:05,772 --> 01:13:08,384
ordering something
I don'’t think I'm gonna like.

1485
01:13:08,427 --> 01:13:10,386
And she'’s like,
"Did you eat that already?"

1486
01:13:10,429 --> 01:13:14,607
So she would want me to try
something I didn'’t have.

1487
01:13:14,651 --> 01:13:17,305
She told me,"Frank, if I'’m like your mother,

1488
01:13:17,349 --> 01:13:18,829
your mother yells at you, right?

1489
01:13:18,872 --> 01:13:20,396
So don'’t take it in a wrong way.

1490
01:13:20,439 --> 01:13:24,095
It'’s just that
I'’m upset with you."

1491
01:13:24,138 --> 01:13:26,184
She had a martini every day.

1492
01:13:26,227 --> 01:13:30,101
Tanqueray martini, very dry,
straight up with a twist.

1493
01:13:30,144 --> 01:13:31,450
If she didn'’t want
to drink it all,

1494
01:13:31,494 --> 01:13:33,452
we used to bring it home
in a paper cup.

1495
01:13:33,496 --> 01:13:35,889
♪

1496
01:13:35,933 --> 01:13:39,327
I don'’t think a lot of people
realize the real Marion,

1497
01:13:39,371 --> 01:13:41,634
how she cared about people,

1498
01:13:41,678 --> 01:13:44,245
was interested in everybody.

1499
01:13:45,682 --> 01:13:48,511
[indistinct television remarks]

1500
01:13:50,774 --> 01:13:56,040
You had to be sitting right
next to her holding her hand.

1501
01:13:56,083 --> 01:14:00,348
And that'’s what made me
notice she was a person,

1502
01:14:00,392 --> 01:14:02,829
a giving and loving person.

1503
01:14:02,873 --> 01:14:04,744
♪

1504
01:14:04,788 --> 01:14:07,791
It came from me
and Frank and Richard

1505
01:14:07,834 --> 01:14:10,271
opening her up to that,

1506
01:14:10,315 --> 01:14:14,841
because it was like a part
of life she never saw.

1507
01:14:14,885 --> 01:14:17,888
To have that connection withsomebody to just hold your hand

1508
01:14:17,931 --> 01:14:22,283
and, you know,
be there for you every day.

1509
01:14:22,327 --> 01:14:25,243
Richard, the driver,
Anna the aide, and myself,

1510
01:14:25,286 --> 01:14:29,508
we were part of her family,
I guess, you would call it.

1511
01:14:29,552 --> 01:14:33,773
I was quite pleased
with that surrogate family.

1512
01:14:33,817 --> 01:14:36,994
I'’ve got a deep level
of affection for those people

1513
01:14:37,037 --> 01:14:40,824
and that facilitated
much more opening

1514
01:14:40,867 --> 01:14:43,870
and much more communication
between,

1515
01:14:43,914 --> 01:14:45,742
you know,
my kids and their grandmother

1516
01:14:45,785 --> 01:14:49,180
and they developed a really,
really sweet relationship.

1517
01:14:49,223 --> 01:14:51,008
I remember my daughter
saying to me,

1518
01:14:51,051 --> 01:14:54,359
"I just can'’t imagine
Gran getting angry."

1519
01:14:54,402 --> 01:14:58,537
I'’m like, you know, just--
it still makes me laugh.

1520
01:14:58,581 --> 01:15:01,322
It'’s just, it's hilar--
I told her,

1521
01:15:01,366 --> 01:15:03,324
"I love that you'’ve got
that kind of relationship

1522
01:15:03,368 --> 01:15:07,372
with her, because no one
else on Earth does."

1523
01:15:07,415 --> 01:15:10,070
It'’s really difficult
to get resolution

1524
01:15:10,114 --> 01:15:13,900
when somebody'’s turning
a lot of emotions into anger.

1525
01:15:13,944 --> 01:15:15,772
Do you know what?

1526
01:15:15,815 --> 01:15:18,078
"I'’m not sure what I did wrong,but I need you to forgive me

1527
01:15:18,122 --> 01:15:20,516
and I forgive you,"
and we only got there

1528
01:15:20,559 --> 01:15:23,388
within the last
two months of her death.

1529
01:15:25,477 --> 01:15:26,957
You know,
we need a system that--

1530
01:15:27,000 --> 01:15:28,828
The same sentiment
as Arizona saying

1531
01:15:28,872 --> 01:15:31,222
the federal government
just isn'’t doing enough

1532
01:15:31,265 --> 01:15:34,530
to secure our borders and fight  the illegal immigration

1533
01:15:34,573 --> 01:15:38,055
-problem here in America.  -I saw the most diverse looking

1534
01:15:38,098 --> 01:15:40,492
-social movement--
-It was like almost 20 tapes

1535
01:15:40,536 --> 01:15:42,320
a day we were taping.

1536
01:15:42,363 --> 01:15:45,671
It was becoming harder
and harder to find VHS tapes,

1537
01:15:45,715 --> 01:15:49,719
and I used to go around
the city scouring the stores.

1538
01:15:49,762 --> 01:15:51,677
Well, who doesn'’t want to be
able to predict the future?

1539
01:15:51,721 --> 01:15:54,245
Thirty years ago,who knew we'’d have the internet.

1540
01:15:54,288 --> 01:15:56,682
One man did know,
his name'’s Andy Gaspar.

1541
01:15:56,726 --> 01:15:59,076
It just seemed to us that therewas something new being born,

1542
01:15:59,119 --> 01:16:00,730
something that was
dramatically different

1543
01:16:00,773 --> 01:16:02,993
that would change the way
we communicate.

1544
01:16:03,036 --> 01:16:04,560
It was newspapers back then

1545
01:16:04,603 --> 01:16:07,214
that you thought sort
of might be in danger.

1546
01:16:07,258 --> 01:16:09,652
What do you think
is sort of the next wave?

1547
01:16:09,695 --> 01:16:11,567
Well, there are a few of them
and that is the role

1548
01:16:11,610 --> 01:16:13,612
of a local TV station.

1549
01:16:13,656 --> 01:16:16,441
We now have FOX News Channel
that'’s available

1550
01:16:16,484 --> 01:16:18,878
on the internet
any time you want it.

1551
01:16:18,922 --> 01:16:21,359
You wonder, what is the role
of Channel Five News,

1552
01:16:21,402 --> 01:16:24,492
any local TV station
in that kind of environment.

1553
01:16:24,536 --> 01:16:27,887
♪

1554
01:16:27,931 --> 01:16:30,324
The aides would call me through  the night sometimes and say,

1555
01:16:30,368 --> 01:16:32,370
"Marion'’s not doing very well."

1556
01:16:32,413 --> 01:16:34,807
♪

1557
01:16:34,851 --> 01:16:37,114
When I came in
she was in her chair,

1558
01:16:37,157 --> 01:16:40,073
but her head
was almost on the ground,

1559
01:16:40,117 --> 01:16:42,902
like she was bent in half.

1560
01:16:42,946 --> 01:16:45,383
When I sat her up and
I remember her eyes were open

1561
01:16:45,426 --> 01:16:47,559
and she looked at me and shejust patted my arm and she said,

1562
01:16:47,603 --> 01:16:50,910
"Frank, everything'’s
gonna be all right."

1563
01:16:50,954 --> 01:16:55,959
So I sort of felt that,
as she would say,

1564
01:16:56,002 --> 01:17:00,354
"The guardian angels were...

1565
01:17:00,398 --> 01:17:03,662
taking her home."”

1566
01:17:03,706 --> 01:17:06,926
And so I got over there
relatively quickly.

1567
01:17:06,970 --> 01:17:08,667
You know, she was sitting up,
they'’d propped her up

1568
01:17:08,711 --> 01:17:10,669
and she was just looking
very, very peaceful.

1569
01:17:10,713 --> 01:17:13,716
But on the news, and you know,we kind of left the news running

1570
01:17:13,759 --> 01:17:15,326
because we didn'’t know
if she'’d wake up

1571
01:17:15,369 --> 01:17:18,634
and just like blow up
that we'’d turned it off,

1572
01:17:18,677 --> 01:17:21,027
so we just kind of left it on.

1573
01:17:21,071 --> 01:17:24,248
And there was this
horrific story unfolding.

1574
01:17:24,291 --> 01:17:27,294
We are now, uh, multiple hours  into this horrific,

1575
01:17:27,338 --> 01:17:29,906
horrific crime that has
happened in this small,

1576
01:17:29,949 --> 01:17:33,474
sleepy New England town
of Newtown, Connecticut

1577
01:17:33,518 --> 01:17:35,302
at this elementary school,
the call came in

1578
01:17:35,346 --> 01:17:38,479
to 911 right around 9:30
this morning.

1579
01:17:38,523 --> 01:17:40,525
A gunman walked in this school.

1580
01:17:40,568 --> 01:17:42,832
The latest number we have...

1581
01:17:42,875 --> 01:17:50,970
♪

1582
01:17:51,014 --> 01:17:53,277
That would have been
a rough day anyway.

1583
01:17:53,320 --> 01:17:58,282
♪

1584
01:17:58,325 --> 01:18:01,720
That would have been
a rough day anyway.

1585
01:18:01,764 --> 01:18:04,810
Again, we'’re hearing closer
to 30 killed at the school

1586
01:18:04,854 --> 01:18:06,682
as far as children,
little children.

1587
01:18:06,725 --> 01:18:08,509
Keep in mind,
this school is kindergarten

1588
01:18:08,553 --> 01:18:11,208
through fourth grade,
somewhere in-between 18--

1589
01:18:11,251 --> 01:18:13,732
And my mom'’s breathing was  getting shallower and shallower

1590
01:18:13,776 --> 01:18:16,474
and her hands
were getting colder.

1591
01:18:16,517 --> 01:18:20,130
I said, "You know, it looks likeyour ride'’s here, you know?"

1592
01:18:20,173 --> 01:18:25,875
♪

1593
01:18:25,918 --> 01:18:28,399
[sighing]

1594
01:18:28,442 --> 01:18:30,401
♪

1595
01:18:30,444 --> 01:18:33,621
And she went.

1596
01:18:33,665 --> 01:18:40,280
♪

1597
01:18:40,324 --> 01:18:42,152
And then we turned off
the VCRs,

1598
01:18:42,195 --> 01:18:44,981
turned off the TV.

1599
01:18:45,024 --> 01:18:46,243
It was kind of scary
in the apartment

1600
01:18:46,286 --> 01:18:49,246
without all that noise.

1601
01:18:49,289 --> 01:18:53,772
♪

1602
01:18:53,816 --> 01:18:55,121
It was kind of like
you only knew she was dead

1603
01:18:55,165 --> 01:18:57,428
when you turned the VCRs off.

1604
01:18:57,471 --> 01:19:12,399
♪

1605
01:19:12,399 --> 01:19:18,710
♪

1606
01:19:18,754 --> 01:19:20,407
When I discovered that I was
a co-executor of the will,

1607
01:19:20,451 --> 01:19:22,888
and then realizing that she hadbasically trusted me with

1608
01:19:22,932 --> 01:19:25,238
finding the right home for it.

1609
01:19:25,282 --> 01:19:27,632
She really did
value my capabilities

1610
01:19:27,675 --> 01:19:29,199
and valued my perspective.

1611
01:19:29,242 --> 01:19:33,638
It'’s changed my view
of our relationship.

1612
01:19:33,681 --> 01:19:37,163
Michael said that, "This is
my mother'’s whole life.

1613
01:19:37,207 --> 01:19:38,817
It would be like throwing
her whole life away

1614
01:19:38,861 --> 01:19:42,342
if I didn'’t do something
with them.

1615
01:19:42,386 --> 01:19:46,825
It was really a full-time job
for a year and a half.

1616
01:19:46,869 --> 01:19:49,872
I donated a lot of books
to a charity that uses

1617
01:19:49,915 --> 01:19:53,832
second-hand books
to teach at-risk youths.

1618
01:19:53,876 --> 01:19:56,530
Got rid of the Apple computers,

1619
01:19:56,574 --> 01:19:59,664
but no one would
take the tapes,

1620
01:19:59,707 --> 01:20:02,145
no one.

1621
01:20:02,188 --> 01:20:06,062
So we decided to take allthe tapes and put '’em in a pod.

1622
01:20:06,105 --> 01:20:08,064
They were like 16 foot long,

1623
01:20:08,107 --> 01:20:10,849
8 foot high, and 8 foot wide,

1624
01:20:10,893 --> 01:20:12,938
and put '’em in storage until

1625
01:20:12,982 --> 01:20:15,941
something could be worked out.

1626
01:20:15,985 --> 01:20:19,858
We were very afraid
nobody wants these

1627
01:20:19,902 --> 01:20:22,687
and they'’ll all just be
thrown in the trash.

1628
01:20:22,730 --> 01:20:27,866
♪

1629
01:20:31,087 --> 01:20:33,524
[rattling]

1630
01:20:37,920 --> 01:20:39,704
Well, let me just
put this out there.

1631
01:20:39,747 --> 01:20:42,881
This story just hits home with  us newsies, us news junkies.

1632
01:20:42,925 --> 01:20:46,276
Every news broadcast
for 35 years

1633
01:20:46,319 --> 01:20:48,800
is about to be preserved
for posterity.

1634
01:20:48,844 --> 01:20:52,412
Thirty-five years, and for thatwe have this woman to thank,

1635
01:20:52,456 --> 01:20:54,327
the late Marion Stokes.

1636
01:20:54,371 --> 01:20:58,854
Marion Stokes hit record
way back in 1977.

1637
01:20:58,897 --> 01:21:02,596
She didn'’t stop
until December of 2012.

1638
01:21:02,640 --> 01:21:06,426
All of that history arriving
today by truck at an archive

1639
01:21:06,470 --> 01:21:08,907
in San Francisco
from Stokes'’ home.

1640
01:21:08,951 --> 01:21:11,649
With me now from Philadelphia
is Marion Stokes'’ son,

1641
01:21:11,692 --> 01:21:15,435
Mike Metelits, and we are also
joined by Roger Macdonald

1642
01:21:15,479 --> 01:21:18,264
of the Internet Archive
in San Francisco.

1643
01:21:18,308 --> 01:21:20,571
But first, Roger,
to you, tell me

1644
01:21:20,614 --> 01:21:24,053
how rare is this collection
from Marion Stokes?

1645
01:21:24,096 --> 01:21:25,532
It'’s an exceptional collection,

1646
01:21:25,576 --> 01:21:28,971
really an unprecedented
collection.

1647
01:21:29,014 --> 01:21:30,842
I first heard of Marion Stokes

1648
01:21:30,886 --> 01:21:34,019
from an email from Michael.

1649
01:21:34,063 --> 01:21:36,543
I was just amazed that somebody

1650
01:21:36,587 --> 01:21:38,763
had actually done this
at this size,

1651
01:21:38,806 --> 01:21:41,070
the magnitude of it.

1652
01:21:41,113 --> 01:21:42,810
And he took the stuff.

1653
01:21:42,854 --> 01:21:44,377
We shipped it
across the country,

1654
01:21:44,421 --> 01:21:46,771
a couple, a couple of trucks,
and a huge load

1655
01:21:46,814 --> 01:21:48,904
was lifted from my shoulders,

1656
01:21:48,947 --> 01:21:53,560
and it'’s just been a staggering,staggering, uh, relief.

1657
01:21:53,604 --> 01:21:55,301
That we just felt like,
you know,

1658
01:21:55,345 --> 01:21:58,652
a miracle had happened
that someone was willing

1659
01:21:58,696 --> 01:22:01,046
to take them in to, you know,

1660
01:22:01,090 --> 01:22:03,788
make them accessible
to the public.

1661
01:22:03,831 --> 01:22:07,096
♪

1662
01:22:07,139 --> 01:22:09,533
They arrived in our warehouse
in Richmond

1663
01:22:09,576 --> 01:22:12,753
in truck after truck.

1664
01:22:12,797 --> 01:22:15,321
I think the scale
of Marion Stokes'’ collection

1665
01:22:15,365 --> 01:22:18,890
is absolutely unprecedented.

1666
01:22:18,934 --> 01:22:24,287
Nobody in this field has
ever heard or seen the like.

1667
01:22:24,330 --> 01:22:28,813
What she recorded
is inaccessible to us.

1668
01:22:28,856 --> 01:22:31,076
All the long form
programming that she got,

1669
01:22:31,120 --> 01:22:34,166
all the CNN, all the FOX.

1670
01:22:34,210 --> 01:22:35,994
And then there'’s the local news.

1671
01:22:36,038 --> 01:22:37,953
That'’s a rare collection.

1672
01:22:37,996 --> 01:22:41,173
There are probably elements
that she has that nobody has.

1673
01:22:41,217 --> 01:22:43,132
She understood
the power of media

1674
01:22:43,175 --> 01:22:45,264
to shape public opinion
and when--

1675
01:22:45,308 --> 01:22:46,570
One of my mother'’s
dreams was that

1676
01:22:46,613 --> 01:22:49,138
that would be available
to people.

1677
01:22:49,181 --> 01:22:51,183
As an only child, you know,

1678
01:22:51,227 --> 01:22:53,751
just to be able to take
my mother'’s life's work

1679
01:22:53,794 --> 01:22:55,883
and to be able
to participate in someone

1680
01:22:55,927 --> 01:22:58,234
making it available to people,

1681
01:22:58,277 --> 01:23:02,673
that'’s, that's just
enormously gratifying.

1682
01:23:02,716 --> 01:23:05,676
♪

1683
01:23:05,719 --> 01:23:09,593
Our intention and goal
is to digitize them,

1684
01:23:09,636 --> 01:23:12,509
put everything that
she has on our servers

1685
01:23:12,552 --> 01:23:15,338
to hold onto it
for future generations

1686
01:23:15,381 --> 01:23:17,862
and make it available.

1687
01:23:17,905 --> 01:23:21,039
What we'’re offering is to
search television by keyword.

1688
01:23:21,083 --> 01:23:23,085
♪

1689
01:23:23,128 --> 01:23:24,825
When we sent them the test box,

1690
01:23:24,869 --> 01:23:26,610
they immediately
began to realize

1691
01:23:26,653 --> 01:23:28,438
that the early days
of my mother'’s taping

1692
01:23:28,481 --> 01:23:30,657
were also the early days
of closed captioning.

1693
01:23:30,701 --> 01:23:34,792
They can use
the closed captioning as a tag

1694
01:23:34,835 --> 01:23:37,882
that lets people know
and search what'’s happening

1695
01:23:37,925 --> 01:23:39,666
in the actual videotape.

1696
01:23:39,710 --> 01:23:42,147
♪

1697
01:23:42,191 --> 01:23:45,020
The Internet Archive is able  to make these tapes accessible

1698
01:23:45,063 --> 01:23:49,067
in a much more
technology savvy way.

1699
01:23:49,111 --> 01:23:51,156
Now there'’s so much media.

1700
01:23:51,200 --> 01:23:54,725
More than ever people need  access to reliable information

1701
01:23:54,768 --> 01:23:56,596
to make their decisions,

1702
01:23:56,640 --> 01:23:58,381
and that was very much
what my mother

1703
01:23:58,424 --> 01:24:01,384
would have wanted to do.

1704
01:24:01,427 --> 01:24:03,908
Decades worth
of television broadcasts

1705
01:24:03,951 --> 01:24:06,780
is irretrievably lost.

1706
01:24:06,824 --> 01:24:11,002
An archive redeems the object
of its collecting

1707
01:24:11,046 --> 01:24:14,049
from the trash can of history.

1708
01:24:14,092 --> 01:24:17,182
Effectively you will
only know afterwards

1709
01:24:17,226 --> 01:24:19,271
what is important
to have collected,

1710
01:24:19,315 --> 01:24:22,796
so the more you have,
the more you can then go back

1711
01:24:22,840 --> 01:24:25,756
and say, "Hm,
this is actually important."

1712
01:24:25,799 --> 01:24:29,238
♪

1713
01:24:29,281 --> 01:24:34,112
All archives create futures.

1714
01:24:34,156 --> 01:24:36,636
When looking
at the underlying instincts

1715
01:24:36,680 --> 01:24:39,987
that drives collection
and preservation,

1716
01:24:40,031 --> 01:24:44,383
there is this human drive
to transcend time,

1717
01:24:44,427 --> 01:24:47,343
not willing to let go
of any moment,

1718
01:24:47,386 --> 01:24:49,780
and the realization that

1719
01:24:49,823 --> 01:24:51,564
the past is never let go.

1720
01:24:51,608 --> 01:24:56,134
♪

1721
01:24:56,178 --> 01:24:58,310
The fact that she kept
all this stuff,

1722
01:24:58,354 --> 01:25:00,660
when other people call up
that they wanted to save it

1723
01:25:00,704 --> 01:25:03,533
20 years after she started,
that'’s smart.

1724
01:25:03,576 --> 01:25:05,752
♪

1725
01:25:05,796 --> 01:25:07,276
She had an incredible ability

1726
01:25:07,319 --> 01:25:09,843
to see trends
and to act on them.

1727
01:25:09,887 --> 01:25:12,672
♪

1728
01:25:12,716 --> 01:25:14,935
It'’s difficult not
to call her a visionary,

1729
01:25:14,979 --> 01:25:17,024
really difficult to pull
that tag away from her.

1730
01:25:17,068 --> 01:25:19,462
♪

1731
01:25:19,505 --> 01:25:22,160
She was very,
very much ahead of her time.

1732
01:25:22,204 --> 01:25:29,994
♪

1733
01:25:30,037 --> 01:25:32,866
She did give up a lot
in terms of what, you know,

1734
01:25:32,910 --> 01:25:34,999
people think of as
kind of a normal human life,

1735
01:25:35,042 --> 01:25:38,220
but she funneled all
that energy into doing things

1736
01:25:38,263 --> 01:25:40,091
that she felt
were important to her,

1737
01:25:40,135 --> 01:25:43,921
that were gonna be important
in the long run.

1738
01:25:43,964 --> 01:25:47,620
It was hard for me
and the family,

1739
01:25:47,664 --> 01:25:51,015
but I loved her.

1740
01:25:51,058 --> 01:25:54,801
♪

1741
01:25:59,241 --> 01:26:10,252
♪